Breakdown of Hoewel zij het plastic heeft ingeleverd, is de bak vol.
zijn
to be
zij
she
hebben
to have
vol
full
hoewel
although
de bak
the bin
het plastic
the plastic
inleveren
to hand in
Questions & Answers about Hoewel zij het plastic heeft ingeleverd, is de bak vol.
Why is the past participle ingeleverd instead of geinleverd?
The infinitive is inleveren (to hand in). It is a separable verb, made of the prefix in- and the verb leveren. To make the past participle of a separable verb, you inject -ge- right between the prefix and the verb root. That gives us in + ge + leverd = ingeleverd.
How do we know whether to end ingeleverd with a -d or a -t?
We use the 't kofschip rule (also known as soft ketchup). The root of leveren is lever. The last letter of the root is r. Because the letter r is not one of the consonants in 't kofschip, the past participle gets a -d at the end, not a -t.
Why are the verbs heeft ingeleverd pushed all the way to the comma?
The sentence starts with hoewel (although), which introduces a subordinate clause. Words like this force all the verbs in their part of the sentence to move to the very end.
Why does the second part say is de bak instead of de bak is?
In Dutch, the main verb of a sentence must usually be the second block of information (the V2 rule). The entire first clause (Hoewel zij het plastic heeft ingeleverd) counts as block number one. So, the verb is must come immediately next in position two, which pushes the subject (de bak) behind it.
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