When forming the present perfect tense of a separable verb, inject -ge- between the separable prefix and the verb root to form the past participle.
| Infinitive | Prefix | + ge- + | Root + Ending | Past Participle |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| buitenzetten | buiten | ge | zet | buitengezet |
| schoonmaken | schoon | ge | maakt | schoongemaakt |
| inleveren | in | ge | leverd | ingeleverd |
| ophalen | op | ge | haald | opgehaald |
The auxiliary verb (hebben or zijn) takes the second position in the sentence, and the past participle anchors the end.
| We have put the garbage outside. | Wij hebben het vuilnis buitengezet. |
| Did you clean the bin yesterday? | Heb jij de bak gisteren schoongemaakt? |
| I have handed in the plastic separately. | Ik heb het plastic apart ingeleverd. |
| The truck has collected the waste. | De vrachtwagen heeft het afval opgehaald. |
If the verb has an irregular past participle, the -ge- still goes after the prefix. For instance, brengen becomes gebracht, so wegbrengen (to drop off / take away) becomes weggebracht.
| She dropped off the cardboard separately. | Zij heeft het karton apart weggebracht. |
Subordinate Clauses
In subordinate clauses (such as after hoewel or dat), both the conjugated auxiliary verb and the past participle are pushed to the end of the clause.
| Although she has handed in the plastic, the bin is full. | Hoewel zij het plastic heeft ingeleverd, is de bak vol. |
| I know that you have taken the cardboard away. | Ik weet dat u het karton heeft weggebracht. |
| The team has contributed to the project. | Het team heeft meegewerkt aan het project. |
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