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Croatian

### Expressing Consequence with "uslijed"

In Croatian, the preposition **uslijed** expresses consequence or result. It translates to "due to" or "as a result of" and is often used to explain structural wear, physical stress, or material degradation.

**Uslijed** requires the following noun phrase to be in the **genitive case**.

### Using "uslijed" with Feminine Nouns

For regular feminine nouns like *vlaga* (moisture) and *hrđa* (rust), the genitive singular ending is **-e** (*vlage*, *hrđe*).

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### Using "uslijed" with Neuter Nouns

For neuter nouns like *trenje* (friction) and *naprezanje* (strain), the genitive singular ending is **-a** (*trenja*, *naprezanja*). Any accompanying adjectives take the neuter genitive ending **-og** or **-eg**.

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### Plurals and Multiple Causes

If the consequence is plural, use the genitive plural (often **-ih** for adjectives and **-a** for nouns). For example, *stalne vibracije* (constant vibrations) becomes *stalnih vibracija*:

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When listing multiple causes, every noun following **uslijed** must be in the genitive:

{{item:1103641}}

Preposition of consequence (uslijed)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular pronouns and to be (sam, si, je)

Noun genders (-Ø, -a, -o/-e)

Demonstrative pronouns (ovaj, ova, ovo)

Plural pronouns and to be (smo, ste, su)

Masculine plural nouns (-i)

Feminine plural nouns (-e)

Neuter plural nouns (-a)

Full verb to be (jesam, jesi)

Negative verb to be (nisam, nisi)

Yes/no questions (je li)

Wh- questions (tko, gdje)

Formal vs informal address (ti vs Vi)

Regular present tense (-ati)

Regular present tense (-iti)

Regular present tense (-jeti)

Verb negation (ne)

The verb to have (imati / nemati)

Inanimate direct objects

Feminine direct objects (-u)

Plural direct objects (-e, -a)

Accusative pronouns (me, te, ga, ju)

Adjective agreement

Plural adjectives

Accusative adjectives

Numbers 1 to 10 (jedan, dva, tri)

The locative case (-u)

Feminine locative (-i)

The verb to go (ići)

Destination (u, na)

The genitive case (-a)

Accusative pronouns (nas, vas, ga, ih)

Animate masculine accusative (-a)

Adjective agreement for animate masculine (-og, -eg)

The verb can (moći)

The verb must (morati)

The verb to want (htjeti, hoću)

The future tense (ću/ćeš + infinitive)

The past tense: l-participle (radio, radila)

Past tense word order (Prvo sam radio...)

Past tense with plural subjects (-li, -le, -la)

Feminine genitive singular (-e)

Possession and origin (od, iz)

Negative existence (nema)

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Genitive plural (-a)

Numbers 11 to 20

Past tense negation (nisam)

Past tense questions (jeste li)

Dative singular

Dative pronouns (ti, mu, joj)

Past tense negation (nisam, nisi...)

Double object pronouns (mu ga, ti ju...)

Reflexive verbs (se)

Reflexive clitic word order

Commands and requests (radi, radite)

Plural demonstratives (ovi, ove, ova)

Possessive determiners (moj, naš, njegov)

Greetings (Dobar dan, doviđenja)

The body: Boli me glava

Directions (lijevo, desno, ravno)

There is, there are (ima)

Politeness (molim vas, hvala lijepa)

How you feel (Sviđa mi se)

Counting by tens to 100 (trideset, četrdeset...)

Quantifiers with the genitive case (malo, puno...)

Adjective agreement in the genitive singular (-og, -e)

Adjective agreement in the genitive plural (-ih)

Genitive prepositions (kod, do, bez...)

Asking what kind and which (kakav, koji)

Possessive determiners (njegov, njezin...)

Possessives in the accusative case

The reflexive possessive (svoj)

Indefinite pronouns (netko, nešto, neki)

Negative pronouns (nitko, ništa)

The verb to need (trebati)

Reciprocal verbs (se)

Introduction to verbal aspect

Perfective verbs with prefixes

Perfective verbs with stem changes

Irregular perfective verbs

Aspect in the past tense

Aspect in the future tense

Vehicular motion (voziti se, putovati)

Arrival and departure ('doći', 'otići')

Entering and exiting ('ući', 'izaći')

Singular accompaniment ('s', 'sa')

Question	Answer
to weaken (imperfective)	slabjeti
due to	uslijed
moisture	vlaga
The wall in the basement is weakening due to moisture.	Zid u podrumu slabi uslijed vlage.
rust	hrđa
paint	boja
The damage occurred due to rust under the paint.	Oštećenje je nastalo uslijed hrđe pod bojom.
friction	trenje
vibration	vibracija
Friction grows due to constant vibrations.	Trenje raste uslijed stalnih vibracija.
to crack (imperfective)	pucati
corrosion	korozija
The pipe is cracking due to corrosion and moisture.	Cijev puca uslijed korozije i vlage.
wear and tear	istrošenost
I noticed great wear and tear of the tires due to friction.	Primijetio sam veliku istrošenost guma uslijed trenja.
strain	naprezanje
The concrete is cracking due to great strain.	Beton puca uslijed velikog naprezanja.
The machine produces strong vibrations, which means danger.	Stroj proizvodi jake vibracije, što znači opasnost.
load-bearing capacity	nosivost
Every strain will reduce the load-bearing capacity of the roof.	Svako naprezanje smanjit će nosivost krova.
The problem with corrosion and wear and tear grows every year.	Problem s korozijom i istrošenošću raste svake godine.
We will not see the rust until we remove the paint.	Nećemo vidjeti hrđu dok ne skinemo boju.
The pipe burst due to internal corrosion.	Cijev je puknula uslijed unutarnje korozije.
The load-bearing capacity of the elevator is smaller due to the wear and tear of the cables.	Nosivost dizala je manja uslijed istrošenosti kabela.
Moisture enters under the paint, which means rust.	Vlaga ulazi pod boju, što znači hrđu.
The bridge suffers strain due to strong vibrations.	Most trpi naprezanje uslijed jakih vibracija.
Friction and corrosion together will damage the motor.	Trenje i korozija zajedno će oštetiti motor.
The beam broke due to age and wear and tear.	Greda je puknula uslijed starosti i istrošenosti.
The material weakens due to pollution and moisture.	Materijal slabi uslijed zagađenja i vlage.

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