نگاه کردن negâh kardan: to Look

نگاه کردن means “look” or “direct one’s gaze.” It is a compound verb: نگاه names the gaze, while کردن carries tense, agreement, negation, and mood. Its neutral complement is به + target: به صفحه نگاه کردم “I looked at the screen.”

This is not simply another translation of دیدن “see.” نگاه کردن profiles directed attention and can continue over time; دیدن profiles visual perception, noticing, meeting, or viewing something as a completed experience. English speakers must learn both the lexical contrast and the Persian complement pattern: English “look at” has at, and Persian independently requires به in the neutral standard construction.

Principal parts of the compound

FormPersianRomanizationUse
infinitiveنگاه کردنnegâh kardanto look
past baseنگاه کردnegâh kardنگاه کردم
present baseنگاه کنnegâh konنگاه می‌کنم
past participleنگاه کردهnegâh kardeنگاه کرده بود
imperativeنگاه کن / نگاه کنیدnegâh kon / negâh konidlook
negative imperativeنگاه نکن / نگاه نکنیدnegâh nakon / negâh nakoniddo not look

Neutral compound subjunctives and commands normally omit affirmative بـ: نگاه کنم، نگاه کن. نگاه بکن occurs (informal, emphatic), but is not the default citation form. Negation appears on the light verb: نگاه نمی‌کنم، نگاه نکردم، نگاه نکنم.

Core paradigm

PersonPresent indicativeSimple pastPresent perfectPresent subjunctive
Iنگاه می‌کنمنگاه کردمنگاه کرده‌امنگاه کنم
you (sg.)نگاه می‌کنینگاه کردینگاه کرده‌اینگاه کنی
he/she/itنگاه می‌کندنگاه کردنگاه کرده استنگاه کند
weنگاه می‌کنیمنگاه کردیمنگاه کرده‌ایمنگاه کنیم
you (pl./polite)نگاه می‌کنیدنگاه کردیدنگاه کرده‌ایدنگاه کنید
theyنگاه می‌کنندنگاه کردندنگاه کرده‌اندنگاه کنند

به تابلو نگاه کن؛ شماره‌ی قطار آنجاست.

be tâblo negâh kon; shomâre-ye qatâr ânjâst.

Look at the board; the train number is there. (neutral singular command)

بچه چند دقیقه به ماه نگاه می‌کرد.

bachche chand daqiqe be mâh negâh mi-kard.

The child was looking at the moon for several minutes. (neutral standard; continuing attention)

هنگام عکس گرفتن به دوربین نگاه کنید.

hengâm-e aks gereftan be durbin negâh konid.

Look at the camera while the picture is being taken. (polite standard)

The neutral frame: به چیزی نگاه کردن

The visual target follows به, whether it is a person, object, or direction: به من، به نقشه، به بیرون. Because the target is prepositional, neutral edited Persian does not normally add را. Adverbs such as بالا، پایین، جلو can stand without an overt target because they directly specify the direction of gaze.

همه به نقشه نگاه کردند تا مسیر جایگزین را پیدا کنند.

hame be naqshe negâh kardand tâ masir-e jâygozin râ peydâ konand.

Everyone looked at the map to find an alternative route. (neutral standard)

از پنجره به بیرون نگاه کردم، اما خیابان خالی بود.

az panjare be birun negâh kardam, ammâ khiyâbân khâli bud.

I looked out of the window, but the street was empty. (neutral standard)

هنگام پایین آمدن از پله‌ها جلوی پایت نگاه کن.

hengâm-e pâyin âmadan az pelle-hâ jelo-ye pâ-yat negâh kon.

Watch where you are stepping as you come down the stairs. (neutral spoken standard; direction without به)

The last expression is conventional: جلوی پایت نگاه کن directs the gaze to the space ahead of one’s feet. It does not imply that any noun can freely replace the به phrase.

💡
For a new full noun phrase, default to به + target + نگاه کردن. Direction words and established conversational direct-object patterns are real, but they do not erase the basic complement frame.

نگاه کردن versus دیدن

نگاه کردن is an activity under the observer’s control; دیدن is the perception or resulting visual experience. They can occur in one sentence: look first, then see or notice. Someone may نگاه کند ولی نبیند “look but fail to see.”

وقتی به ساعت نگاه کردم، دیدم از هشت گذشته است.

vaqti be sâ'at negâh kardam, didam az hasht gozashte ast.

When I looked at the clock, I saw that it was past eight. (neutral standard)

من او را در ایستگاه دیدم، اما او به من نگاه نکرد.

man u râ dar istgâh didam, ammâ u be man negâh na-kard.

I saw her at the station, but she did not look at me. (neutral standard)

For a film, match, or program, everyday Persian commonly uses دیدن or تماشا کردن. فیلم نگاه کردن also occurs (informal, regional and conversational), but learners seeking a dependable neutral form should use فیلم دیدن or فیلم تماشا کردن. See دیدن: to See for the perception verb’s wider uses.

دیشب مستند تازه را با خانواده دیدیم.

dishab mostanad-e tâze râ bâ khânevâde didim.

Last night we watched the new documentary with the family. (neutral standard; دیدن for viewing)

Conversational direct targets and clitics

In Iranian conversation, especially with an imperative or a bounded item to inspect, نگاه کردن often behaves like a direct transitive predicate: این را نگاه کن / اینو نگاه کن. An accessible target can also appear as an internal clitic: نگاهش کن “look at it/him/her.” These forms are current and natural, but a formal report still favors به این نگاه کنید.

این عکس رو نگاه کن؛ نور گوشه‌ی تصویر عجیبه.

in aks ro negâh kon; nur-e gushe-ye tasvir ajibe.

Look at this photo; the light in the corner is strange. (informal, regional: Tehran; direct target)

نگاهش کن؛ انگار می‌خواهد چیزی بگوید.

negâh-ash kon; engâr mi-khâhad chizi be-guyad.

Look at him; it seems he wants to say something. (neutral spoken standard; internal clitic)

An internal clitic is not evidence that a corresponding full noun must take را in every register. Persian light-verb constructions often license clitic placement that is more flexible than their full noun-phrase frame. That mismatch is a lexical fact and must be learned.

Metaphorical gaze and نگاهی انداختن

به چیزی نگاه کردن extends naturally to perspective and evaluation: به آینده نگاه کردن، به مسئله از زاویه‌ای دیگر نگاه کردن. It does not mean literal eyesight in such uses. The eventive expression نگاهی به چیزی انداختن “take a look at something” presents a brief, bounded inspection and is common in speech and writing.

بیایید به مسئله از زاویه‌ی دیگری نگاه کنیم.

biyâyid be mas'ale az zâviye-ye digari negâh konim.

Let’s look at the issue from another angle. (neutral formal discussion; metaphorical)

پزشک نگاهی به جواب آزمایش انداخت و چند سؤال پرسید.

pezeshk negâhi be javâb-e âzmâyesh andâkht va chand so'âl porsid.

The doctor took a look at the test result and asked several questions. (neutral standard; brief inspection)

Tehran conversational forms

The light verb takes می‌کنه، می‌کنین، می‌کنن (informal, regional: Tehran). The nonverbal element is frequently shortened in pronunciation and informal spelling to نگا: نگا کن. This is conversational, not standard edited orthography.

نگا کن بچه‌ها کجان؛ وقت رفتنه.

negâ kon bachche-hâ kojân; vaqt-e raftane.

See where the kids are; it’s time to go. (informal, regional: Tehran)

Common Mistakes

1. Leaving an identified full target unmarked

❌ آن تابلو نگاه کردم.

Incorrect — an identified full target needs neutral به; the conversational direct frame would instead require را.

✅ چند لحظه به تابلوی راهنما نگاه کردم.

chand lahze be tâblo-ye râhnamâ negâh kardam.

I looked at the information sign for a few moments.

2. Using نگاه کردن for accidental perception

❌ ناگهان دوستم را کنار در نگاه کردم.

Incorrect for ‘suddenly saw my friend’ — accidental perception uses دیدن.

✅ ناگهان دوستم را کنار در ورودی دیدم.

nâgahân dust-am râ kenâr-e dar-e vorudi didam.

I suddenly saw my friend by the entrance.

3. Combining both complement markers

❌ به صفحه را نگاه نکن.

Incorrect — a full target takes either the neutral به frame or a licensed conversational direct-object frame, not both markers.

✅ هنگام رانندگی به صفحه‌ی تلفن نگاه نکن.

hengâm-e rânandegi be safhe-ye telefon negâh nakon.

Do not look at the phone screen while driving.

4. Attaching می‌ to نگاه

❌ همه به در می‌نگاه کردند.

Incorrect modern compound formation — imperfective می‌ belongs on کردن.

✅ همه با نگرانی به در نگاه می‌کردند.

hame bâ negarâni be dar negâh mi-kardand.

Everyone was looking anxiously at the door.

Key Takeaways

  • Inflect the light verb: نگاه می‌کنم، نگاه کردم، نگاه کرده‌ام، نگاه کنم.
  • The dependable neutral frame is به چیزی نگاه کردن; conversational direct targets and نگاهش کن are also current but register-sensitive.
  • نگاه کردن profiles directed attention; دیدن profiles perception, noticing, or a viewing experience.
  • Imperatives are especially frequent: نگاه کن، نگاه کنید، نگاه نکن; informal Tehran also has نگا کن.

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Related Topics

  • Compound Verbs in the PresentA1Conjugate Persian compound verbs by keeping the nonverbal element stable and placing present-tense marking on the light verb.
  • Compound Verbs in Past TensesA2Keep the nonverbal element stable while the light verb carries simple-past, imperfective, negative, and progressive morphology.
  • Affirmative Imperative with بA2Build familiar singular commands from the Persian present stem, including simple, prefixed, and compound verbs.
  • Clitics inside Light Verb ConstructionsB1Understand why Persian object clitics often attach to the nonverbal element of a light-verb construction, as in نجاتش داد and دعوتش کردم.
  • Movement versus Location: به and درA2Choose به for a destination and در for a static setting, while recognizing motion verbs that omit به and colloquial توی for location.
  • دیدن didan: to SeeA2Reference guide to دیدن for visual perception, specific objects, finite perception clauses, passives, compounds, and Tehran forms.