Breakdown of Tren kalkınca vadi boyunca manzarayı izledik.
izlemek
to watch
kalkmak
to depart
tren
train
manzara
view (physical) / scenery
boyunca
throughout, all along
vadi
valley
Questions & Answers about Tren kalkınca vadi boyunca manzarayı izledik.
Does boyunca mean "during" or "along" in this sentence?
When combined with a physical space like vadi (valley) or nehir (river), boyunca means "along" or "the length of". When you use it with time words (like yıl, year), it means "throughout" or "for the duration of". In both cases, it follows a bare noun.
Could we say vadiyi boyunca since we are talking about a specific valley?
No, the postposition boyunca strictly follows a bare noun. Even though you are referring to a specific valley, you do not add the accusative case or any other case marker to the noun before it. It must simply be vadi boyunca.
Since the action happened in the past, why doesn't kalkınca have a past tense suffix?
The suffix -ınca (meaning "when" or "as soon as") attaches directly to the verb stem kalk-. Verbs with this ending don't take their own tense markers. Instead, they borrow the tense from the main verb of the sentence. Since the main verb izledik (we watched) is in the past tense, kalkınca translates to "when it departed".
Why does manzara have the ending -yı here?
It is the direct object of the verb izledik (we watched). Because you are watching the specific scenery in that valley, rather than just scenery in general, it needs the specific direct object marker (the accusative case). The word manzara ends in a vowel, so it takes the buffer letter -y- before the accusative suffix -ı.
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