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To express movement toward a destination, Turkish uses the dative case. Instead of directional words like "to" or "into", Turkish attaches a suffix to the destination noun.

The dative suffix is **-a** or **-e**, following 2-way vowel harmony:
- Back vowels (a, ı, o, u) take **-a**.
- Front vowels (e, i, ö, ü) take **-e**.

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### Verbs That Take the Dative Case

The dative case isn't just for physical travel. Some verbs logically require a direction and pair with a dative noun. For example, you look *to* something, send *to* a person, and put something *onto* a place.

If the destination noun ends in a vowel, add the buffer letter **-y-** (**-ya** or **-ye**) to prevent two vowels from touching. Notice how this applies to **kedi** (cat) and **masa** (table) below.

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You will also use the dative case with placement verbs like **koymak** (to put) and **bırakmak** (to leave, to drop off).

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The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
village	köy
to return	dönmek
We are returning to the village in the evening.	Biz akşam köye dönüyoruz.
Do not return to the hotel late.	Otele geç dönme.
to enter	girmek
The teacher is entering the classroom now.	Öğretmen şimdi sınıfa giriyor.
sea	deniz
The children are going into the sea.	Çocuklar denize giriyor.
They are not going to the sea today.	Onlar bugün denize gitmiyor.
I am going to the village tomorrow.	Yarın köye gidiyorum.
center	merkez
The taxi is going to the center.	Taksi merkeze gidiyor.
How many passengers are going to the center?	Merkeze kaç yolcu gidiyor?
to look	bakmak
Please look at that cat.	Lütfen şu kediye bak.
Do not look at that man.	O adama bakma.
to send	göndermek
I am sending a letter to the manager.	Müdüre bir mektup gönderiyorum.
message	mesaj
Send a message to the doctor.	Doktora mesaj gönder.
The student is writing a message to the teacher.	Öğrenci öğretmene mesaj yazıyor.
to put	koymak
Put two apples on the table.	Masaya iki elma koy.
I am putting a pen in the bag.	Çantaya bir kalem koyuyorum.
to leave (something somewhere), to drop off / to release, to let go of / to quit / to stop (doing something)	bırakmak
I am leaving a bag at the hotel.	Otele bir çanta bırakıyorum.
Please leave money on the table.	Lütfen masaya para bırak.
The children are going to the park too.	Çocuklar da parka gidiyor.
Is this a village?	Bu bir köy mü?
edge, side (deniz kenarı)	kenar
Come over to the side, a car is coming!	Kenara gel, araba geliyor!
Please wait at the side.	Lütfen kenarda bekle.
beach	plaj
Tomorrow we're going to the beach.	Yarın plaja gidiyoruz.
I'm swimming and resting at the beach.	Plajda yüzüyorum ve dinleniyorum.