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### Polite and Plural Commands

To give a command to a group of people, or to be polite to a single person (like a stranger), add a suffix to the verb root. 

This suffix follows 4-way vowel harmony based on the root's last vowel:
- **a, ı** takes **-ın**
- **e, i** takes **-in**
- **o, u** takes **-un**
- **ö, ü** takes **-ün**

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### Verbs Ending in Vowels & Negative Commands

If the verb root ends in a vowel, you must add a buffer **y** before the suffix (forming **-yın**, **-yin**, **-yun**, or **-yün**).

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This buffer **y** is also required when making negative polite commands. Because the negative suffix (**-ma** or **-me**) always ends in a vowel, you simply add **-yın** or **-yin** to tell someone respectfully *not* to do something.

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### Giving Directions

These polite commands are perfect for giving street directions. Combine them with local vocabulary to guide people around the city safely.

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### The Ultra-Formal Command (-InIz)

You might also see an even longer version of this command: **-ınız**, **-iniz**, **-unuz**, or **-ünüz**. This extra-polite form is mostly used in official announcements, public signs, or very formal writing.

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Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense negative (-mAdI)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
Please stop here.	Lütfen burada durun.
Please come, wait over there.	Lütfen gelin, şurada bekleyin.
road	yol
straight	düz
Go straight on this road.	Bu yolda düz gidin.
to walk	yürümek
Do not run, walk slowly.	Koşmayın, yavaş yürüyün.
avenue	cadde
Please walk slowly on the avenue.	Lütfen caddede yavaş yürüyünüz.
careful	dikkatli
to be	olmak
Be very careful on that avenue.	O caddede çok dikkatli olun.
corner	köşe
Stop at the corner and be careful.	Köşede durun ve dikkatli olun.
square	meydan
There is a big park at the square.	Meydanda büyük bir park var.
taxi	taksi
Please wait for a taxi at the square.	Lütfen meydanda taksi bekleyin.
Do not wait for a taxi at the corner.	Köşede taksi beklemeyin.
map	harita
Please take a map.	Lütfen bir harita alın.
There is a map here, take it.	Burada bir harita var, alın.
This road is very long.	Bu yol çok uzun.
Please walk straight.	Lütfen düz yürüyün.
right	sağ
left	sol
The bank is on the right, the market is on the left.	Banka sağda, market solda.
There is a big park on the right.	Sağda büyük bir park var.
The toilet is not on the left, it is on the right.	Tuvalet solda değil, sağda.