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### Forming the Past Tense Negative

To say you didn't do something, add the negative suffix **-ma** or **-me** directly to the verb stem, right before the past tense suffix.

Because the negative suffix always ends in **-a** or **-e**, past tense vowel harmony becomes much simpler:

- The past tense suffix is always **-dı** (after **-ma**) or **-di** (after **-me**).
- There are no rounded (**-du** / **-dü**) or hardened (**-tı** / **-ti**) forms.

**Verb Stem + -ma / -me + -dı / -di + Personal Ending**

| Pronoun | Negative Past (yapmak - to do) | Negative Past (gelmek - to come) |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **Ben** | yapmadım | gelmedim |
| **Sen** | yapmadın | gelmedin |
| **O** | yapmadı | gelmedi |
| **Biz** | yapmadık | gelmedik |
| **Siz** | yapmadınız | gelmediniz |
| **Onlar** | yapmadılar | gelmediler |

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### Making Excuses and Denials

When talking about things you didn't do or events you missed, you will rely heavily on the negative past tense.

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You can easily combine a positive past tense statement with a negative one to describe a contrast.

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### Adding Emphasis

To make your excuses or explanations more expressive, you can use adverbs like **gerçekten** (really) or **maalesef** (unfortunately). These are usually placed near the beginning of the sentence or right before the word they emphasize.

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Past tense negative (-mAdI)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

postposition

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstrative pronouns (bu, şu, o)

Basic question words (kim, ne)

Plural nouns (-lar, -ler)

I am and you are (-(y)ım, -sın)

We, you, and they are (-(y)ız, -sınız)

Negative statements (değil)

Yes and no questions (mı, mi, mu, mü)

Questions with 'to be' (mısın, mıyım)

Numbers 1 to 10 (bir, iki, üç)

Numbers 11 to 20 (on bir, on iki)

Numbers by tens to 100 (otuz, kırk...)

Counting objects (tane)

The locative case (-da, -de)

Consonant assimilation (-ta, -te)

Asking where (nerede)

There is / there are (var)

There is not / there are not (yok)

Asking how many (kaç)

Infinitive verbs (-mak, -mek)

Informal commands (git, gel)

Negative commands (-ma, -me)

Polite and plural commands (-In, -InIz)

Basic word order

Present continuous for consonant roots (-iyor)

Present continuous for vowel roots (-iyor)

Present continuous personal suffixes (-iyorum)

Negative present continuous (-miyor)

Present continuous questions (-iyor mu)

Future plans with present continuous

The dative case (-(y)a, -(y)e)

Consonant mutation (k, t, p, ç to ğ, d, b, c)

From or out of (-dan / -den)

Directional question words (nereye, nereden)

First and second person possessives (-(i)m, -(i)n)

Third person possessive (-(s)i)

Plural possessives (-imiz, -iniz, -leri)

The genitive case (-(n)in)

Definite noun compounds (-nin ... -si)

Indefinite noun compounds (bare noun + -(s)i)

Possessive buffer letter (n)

Spatial postpositions (içinde, üstünde)

The definite direct object (-(y)ı, -(y)i)

Object question words (kimi, neyi)

Adjectives modifying nouns

Manner and choice questions (nasıl, hangi)

Basic degree modifiers (çok, biraz)

Comparisons (daha, en)

Days of the week

Months of the year

The time question word (ne zaman)

Telling time (saat, buçuk)

Asking the time (saat kaç, saat kaçta)

Basic conjunctions (ve, ama, veya)

Causality conjunction (çünkü)

Means and accompaniment (ile, -(y)lA)

Purpose and beneficiaries (için)

Expressing desire (-mak istemek)

The past copula (-(y)DI)

The direct past tense (-DI)

Past tense personal suffixes (-DIm, -DIn)

Past tense questions (-DI mI)

Ordinal numbers (-(I)ncI)

Greetings and politeness

Saying 'too' (de, da)

Conversation fillers (şey, yani, hadi)

Conversational essentials

Reflexive pronouns (kendim, kendin)

Reciprocal pronouns (birbiri)

Indefinite pronouns for people (herkes, kimse)

Indefinite pronouns for things and places (her şey, hiçbir şey)

Conjunctions of consequence (bu yüzden, bu nedenle)

Correlative conjunctions (hem... hem, ne... ne)

Verbs taking the dative case (-e / -a)

Verbs taking the ablative case (-den / -dan)

Time origin (beri)

Time duration (-DIr)

Comparisons of similarity (gibi)

Comparisons of equality (kadar)

Perspectives (göre)

Verbal nouns (-mA / -mE)

Verbal nouns as objects (-mAyI / -mEyI)

Verbal nouns with the dative (-mAyA / -mEyA)

General necessity (lazım / gerek)

Personal necessity (-mAm lazım)

Third-person commands (-sIn / -sInlAr)

First person singular optative (-(y)AyIm)

First person plural optative (-(y)AlIm)

Question	Answer
to hear	duymak
Who didn't hear the phone?	Telefonu kim duymadı?
We didn't hear that noisy sound.	O gürültülü sesi duymadık.
to miss	kaçırmak
I didn't miss the bus yesterday.	Dün otobüsü kaçırmadım.
He didn't miss the train, he came very early.	O treni kaçırmadı, çok erken geldi.
traffic	trafik
We didn't come by car today, we didn't wait in traffic.	Bugün arabayla gelmedik, trafikte beklemedik.
I didn't see any traffic on Sunday.	Pazar günü hiç trafik görmedim.
to attend / to join	katılmak
I didn't attend the meeting on Monday.	Pazartesi toplantıya katılmadım.
The lazy students did not participate in the lesson.	Tembel öğrenciler derse katılmadı.
to apologize	özür dilemek
That rude man didn't apologize.	O kaba adam özür dilemedi.
I apologized but she didn't listen.	Özür diledim ama o dinlemedi.
to get angry	kızmak
The teacher got a little angry at us but didn't shout.	Öğretmen bize biraz kızdı ama bağırmadı.
The boss didn't get angry at me today.	Patron bugün bana kızmadı.
I didn't do that difficult homework.	O zor ödevi yapmadım.
to finish (something)	bitirmek
We didn't finish the project today.	Bugün projeyi bitirmedik.
bill	fatura
I didn't pay this expensive bill.	Bu pahalı faturayı ödemedim.
The new bills didn't arrive.	Yeni faturalar gelmedi.
really	gerçekten
I really didn't forget the password!	Şifreyi gerçekten unutmadım!
unfortunately	maalesef
Unfortunately, I didn't bring his wallet.	Maalesef onun cüzdanını getirmedim.
Unfortunately, the guests didn't come yesterday.	Maalesef misafirler dün gelmedi.
I really did not finish the book.	Ben kitabı gerçekten bitirmedim.
yet / still	henüz
Father has not come yet.	Baba henüz gelmedi.
It is not ready yet.	Henüz hazır değil.
finally, in the end	sonunda
Finally, the bus came.	Sonunda otobüs geldi.
In the end, I found the answer.	Sonunda cevabı buldum.
to go well (of an exam, a day)	iyi geçmek
The exam went well.	Sınav iyi geçti.
The meeting did not go well.	Toplantı iyi geçmedi.
My day did not go well, but in the end I laughed.	Günüm iyi geçmedi ama sonunda güldüm.