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When expressing career appointments, advancements, or future professions, Swedish uses the preposition **till** (to/as) followed by a **bare noun** (no *en*/*ett* and no definite ending).

Use verbs like **utnämna** (to appoint) or **befordra** (to promote):

{{item:926052}}

{{item:926056}}

The same structure applies with **välja** (to choose or elect):

{{item:926058}}

### Training for a Profession

For career preparation, use the reflexive verb **utbilda sig** (to train) or the informal **plugga** (to study) with **till**:

{{item:926061}}

{{item:926073}}

When asking what someone is studying to be, **till** moves to the end of the question:

{{item:926077}}

### Career Transformations

To express a journey from one role to another, pair **från** (from) with **till** (to). Both nouns remain bare:

{{item:926069}}

Transformations and roles (till)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

The definite ending (barnet, hunden)

Indefinite articles and -ar verbs (en, ett)

Basic word order

Singular adjectives (stor, stort)

Plural adjectives (-a)

Sentence negation (inte)

Yes/No questions

Basic question words (vad, vem, var)

Regular Group 2 verbs (-er)

Short verbs and irregulars (har, gör)

The infinitive marker (att)

Modal verbs (kan, vill, måste, får)

Future intention (ska)

Time adverbs (imorgon, igår)

Word order inversion

Adverbs of frequency (ibland, aldrig)

Everyday things (dörren, stolen, tåget)

Definite suffix spelling changes

Plural nouns Group 1 and 2 (-or, -ar)

Plural nouns Group 3 (-er, -r)

Neuter indefinite plurals

Definite plural suffixes (-na, -a, -en)

Object pronouns (mig, dig, oss)

Reflexive pronouns (sig)

Expanded question words (när, varför)

Which and what (vilken, vilket, vilka)

Coordinating conjunctions (men, eller, för)

Prepositions of place (i, på, till, från)

Quantifiers (mycket, många)

Indefinite pronouns (någon, något, några)

First and second person possessives (min, din, vår, er)

Third person possessives (hans, hennes, dess, deras)

Reflexive possessives (sin, sitt, sina)

The genitive (-s)

Adjectives before singular nouns

Adjectives before plural nouns (-a)

Double definiteness (den, det, de)

Demonstratives (den här, det här, de här)

The imperative mood

Past tense of vara and ha (var, hade)

Possessives for names (-s)

Definite plural adjectives (de ... -a)

Genitive case for names (-s)

Numbers 1 to 10 (en, två, tre...)

Numbers 11 to 20 (elva till tjugo)

Counting by tens to 100 (trettio, fyrtio...)

Days of the week (måndag, tisdag...)

Months of the year (januari, februari...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (första, andra...)

Greetings and politeness (hej, tack, förlåt)

Particle verbs of direction (gå ut, komma in)

Simple past: Group 1 (-ade)

Simple past: Group 2a (-de)

Simple past: Group 2b (-te)

Simple past: Group 3 (-dde)

Simple past: Group 4

Present perfect: Groups 1 and 2 (har)

Present perfect: Groups 3 and 4

Past perfect (hade)

Future predictions (kommer att)

Future with present tense

The adjective small (liten, litet, små)

Demonstratives of distance (den där, det där, de där)

Negative pronouns (ingen, inget, inga)

Universal pronouns (all, allt, alla)

The generic pronoun (man, en)

Possessive generic pronoun (ens)

Reciprocal pronoun (varandra)

Qualitative pronouns (sådan, sådant, sådana)

Habitual time expressions (på)

Specific past time expressions (i)

Past time expressions (för ... sedan)

Future time expressions (om)

Location and motion adverbs (här/hit, där/dit)

Consequences (så)

Correlative conjunctions (både ... och)

Either and neither (antingen ... eller, varken ... eller)

Verbs of opinion and belief (tycker, tror, tänker)

Subordinate clauses (att, om)

Time clauses (när, innan, medan)

Clauses of cause (eftersom, därför att)

Negation in subordinate clauses (inte)

V2 word order inversion

Relative clauses as subjects (som)

Relative clauses as objects (som)

Relative clauses for places (där)

Adverbs from adjectives (-t)

Adjective comparative and superlative (-are, -ast)

Question	Answer
to appoint	utnämna
as (in appointments)	till
the ambassador	ambassadören
The government appointed her ambassador.	Regeringen utnämnde henne till ambassadör.
The president appointed the diplomat ambassador.	Presidenten utnämnde diplomaten till ambassadör.
to promote	befordra
the CEO	vd:n
The manager promised to promote me to CEO.	Chefen lovade att befordra mig till vd.
The board appointed the engineer as CEO.	Styrelsen utnämnde ingenjören till vd.
We chose her as CEO because she is smart.	Vi valde henne till vd eftersom hon är smart.
the specialist	specialisten
They promoted the nurse to specialist.	De befordrade sjuksköterskan till specialist.
Are you training to be a specialist?	Utbildar du dig till specialist?
the senior physician	överläkaren
They promoted my colleague to senior physician.	De befordrade min kollega till överläkare.
The hospital wants to promote the doctor to senior physician.	Sjukhuset vill befordra läkaren till överläkare.
It takes time to train as an engineer.	Det tar tid att utbilda sig till ingenjör.
the professor	professorn
The university appointed the researcher as professor.	Universitetet utnämnde forskaren till professor.
the expert	experten
She went from student to expert.	Hon gick från student till expert.
He said that he wanted to train as an architect.	Han sa att han ville utbilda sig till arkitekt.
the prosecutor	åklagaren
Did the lawyer train to be a prosecutor?	Utbildade sig advokaten till åklagare?
He is sitting and studying to be a prosecutor.	Han sitter och pluggar till åklagare.
the principal	rektorn
The group chose him as principal.	Gruppen valde honom till rektor.
We want to elect the popular teacher as principal.	Vi vill välja den populära läraren till rektor.
What are you training to be?	Vad utbildar du dig till?
The rector appoints the expert as professor.	Rektorn utnämner experten till professor.