Learn Spanish (Latin America): El barista nos ha proveído una cafetera nueva. - The barista has provided us with a new coffee maker.

Yes, it is! The verb proveer (to provide) has two accepted past participles: the regular proveído and the irregular provisto. When used as a verb to form perfect tenses with haber (like ha proveído here), both are completely valid and interchangeable, though preference varies by region. However, if you were using it as an adjective to describe a noun, you would almost exclusively use provisto.

The English translation says 'provided us with'. Why is there no word for 'with' in the Spanish sentence?

In Spanish, proveer can be structured in two ways. The structure used here is proveer algo a alguien (to provide something to someone), where una cafetera is the direct object and nos is the indirect object. You can also use the structure proveer a alguien de algo, which translates closer to providing someone with something (e.g., El barista nos ha proveído de una cafetera). Both are correct and mean the same thing.

Why is nos placed before ha instead of attached to the end of proveído?

In compound tenses like the present perfect, the auxiliary verb (ha) and the past participle (proveído) form a single inseparable verbal unit. Object pronouns like nos must always go immediately before the conjugated auxiliary verb (ha). You cannot attach pronouns to a past participle in Spanish.