Learn Spanish (Latin America): Aunque llueve, sigo por el sendero. - Although it is raining, I continue along the trail.

In Spanish, when you use aunque (although / even though) to talk about a fact or something that is definitely happening right now, you use the regular present tense (the indicative). Here, it is an actual fact that it is raining, so we use llueve.

Could aunque also mean even if in this sentence?

Not in this exact sentence. The word aunque can mean both although and even if. However, when it means even if (meaning we aren't sure if it will rain or not), it requires a different verb form called the subjunctive, which you will learn later. Because we used the normal present tense llueve, it is a stated fact and translates as although it is raining.

Why is the I form of seguir spelled sigo instead of seguo?

The verb seguir (to follow / to continue) is a stem-changing verb where the e changes to an i. Also, the yo (I) form is irregular. If we spelled it seguo, it would sound like seg-wo. To keep the hard g sound from the original verb, Spanish drops the u, making it sigo.

Why do we use por instead of a different preposition for along?

One of the main uses of the preposition por is to describe movement through, along, or by a place. Whenever you are traveling along a route, like walking along a trail (por el sendero) or walking through a park (por el parque), por is the correct word to use.