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### Continuing actions with "ainda"

When you want to express that an action or state is ongoing and hasn't changed, use the adverb **ainda** (still). It is typically placed directly before the verb.

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### Stopping actions with "já não"

To express that an action or state has ceased, use **já não** (no longer / not anymore). Since **já** means "already", you can think of **já não** as literally meaning "already not". Like **ainda**, it is generally placed immediately before the verb.

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### Evolving routines

As we age, our daily habits often shift. You can use **ainda** and **já não** to contrast the things you used to do with the things you do now, such as trading late nights out for waking up early (**madrugar**).

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### Shifting interests and tolerance

These adverbs are also perfect for discussing how your patience and hobbies evolve over time. Whether you have lost your tolerance for a mess, continue to collect vintage items, or have moved on from childhood interests, **ainda** and **já não** naturally capture these changing personal preferences.

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Still and no longer (ainda / já não)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
to gnaw	roer
Does the dog still gnaw the bone?	O cão ainda rói o osso?
The old dog no longer gnaws bones.	O cão velho já não rói ossos.
the night out	a noitada
We no longer have late nights.	Nós já não fazemos noitadas.
If I were younger, I would still have late nights.	Se eu fosse mais jovem, ainda faria noitadas.
to wake up early	madrugar
I no longer sleep much; I prefer to wake up early.	Eu já não durmo muito; prefiro madrugar.
Do they still wake up early on the weekend?	Eles ainda madrugam ao fim de semana?
to tolerate	tolerar
the mess (disorder)	a desordem
I no longer tolerate the mess in this house.	Eu já não tolero a desordem nesta casa.
How do you still tolerate so much mess?	Como é que tu ainda toleras tanta desordem?
to collect (as a hobby)	colecionar
the vinyl	o vinil
My father still collects vinyl records.	O meu pai ainda coleciona discos de vinil.
The store behind which we live no longer sells vinyl records.	A loja atrás da qual moramos já não vende discos de vinil.
the comic book	a banda desenhada
Although he is thirty years old, he still reads comic books.	Embora ele tenha trinta anos, ainda lê banda desenhada.
We no longer collect comic books.	Nós já não colecionamos banda desenhada.
to be interested in	interessar-se por
the politics	a política
She is no longer interested in politics.	Ela já não se interessa por política.
Are you still interested in politics?	Tu ainda te interessas por política?
nowadays	hoje em dia
Nowadays, nobody writes letters.	Hoje em dia, ninguém escreve cartas.
Nowadays, everything is faster.	Hoje em dia, tudo é mais rápido.
currently, at present	atualmente
I currently live in Lisbon.	Atualmente, moro em Lisboa.
She currently works nights.	Ela atualmente trabalha à noite.
for now, for the time being	por enquanto
For now, I still don't know.	Por enquanto, ainda não sei.
For the time being, I am staying here.	Por enquanto, fico aqui.

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