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Portuguese (Portugal)

When we tell someone what another person said, we use **reported speech** (*discurso indireto*). If the reporting verb is in the past (like "he said" or "they warned"), the tenses inside the reported statement usually shift backward in time.

If the original statement was about the future ("It will rain"), the reported version shifts to the **conditional** ("He said it would rain").

### Forming the Conditional

To form the conditional, simply take the infinitive of the verb and add the endings **-ia**, **-ias**, **-ia**, **-íamos**, or **-iam**. This is the Portuguese equivalent of using "would" in English.

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Notice how the reporting verbs like **afirmar** (to state) or **avisar** (to warn) are in the past tense (*afirmou*, *avisaram*), triggering the shift to the conditional for the reported action (*começaria*, *chegaria*).

### Common Irregular Verbs

Just like in the future tense, a few common verbs have irregular stems in the conditional. For example, **fazer** (to make/do) uses the stem **far-**, and **dizer** (to say) uses **dir-**.

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### Describing the Weather and Plans

You will frequently use verbs like **haver** (there to be), **estar** (to be), and **ter** (to have) when discussing disrupted plans or the weather forecast (*a meteorologia*). Their conditional forms are regular: **haveria**, **estaria**, and **teria**.

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Reported speech with conditionals

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
the hike	a caminhada
The guide stated that the hike would start early.	O guia afirmou que a caminhada começaria cedo.
the storm	o temporal
The radio warned that there would be a horrible storm.	O rádio avisou que haveria um temporal horrível.
the barbecue	o churrasco
You said that we would make a barbecue in the garden.	Tu disseste que nós faríamos um churrasco no jardim.
The teacher explained that the barbecue would be canceled.	A professora explicou que o churrasco seria cancelado.
to bring forward	antecipar
The colleague confirmed that he would bring the barbecue forward.	O colega confirmou que ele anteciparia o churrasco.
cloudy	nublado
She said that the sky would be very cloudy today.	Ela disse que o céu estaria muito nublado hoje.
the weather forecast	a meteorologia
We thought that the weather forecast would fail again.	Nós achávamos que a meteorologia falharia outra vez.
the downpour	o aguaceiro
They warned that the downpour would arrive in the afternoon.	Eles avisaram que o aguaceiro chegaria à tarde.
to take shelter	abrigar-se
The father said that we would need to take shelter.	O pai disse que nós precisaríamos de abrigar-nos.
the pavilion	o pavilhão
The mother guaranteed that the pavilion would be open.	A mãe garantiu que o pavilhão estaria aberto.
The teacher used to say that the cloudy day would be sad.	O professor costumava dizer que o dia nublado seria triste.
You promised that you would not cancel the hike.	Vocês prometeram que não cancelariam a caminhada.
I thought that the downpour would ruin our hobby.	Eu pensei que o aguaceiro arruinaria o nosso passatempo.
The scientist warned that the storm would destroy the tent.	O cientista avisou que o temporal destruiria a tenda.
The grandfather said that we would have to take shelter in the pavilion.	O avô disse que nós teríamos de abrigar-nos no pavilhão.
pessimistic	pessimista
My friend was pessimistic and said that it would rain a lot.	O meu amigo estava pessimista e disse que choveria muito.
The pessimistic girl thought that the trip would be horrible.	A rapariga pessimista achou que a viagem seria horrível.
The boss confirmed that he would bring the meeting forward because of the rain.	O chefe confirmou que ele anteciparia a reunião por causa da chuva.
The boy explained that there is an empty pavilion, and that we would take shelter there.	O rapaz explicou que há um pavilhão vazio, e que nos abrigaríamos lá.
The weather forecast warned that there would be a storm, so we would not go to the beach.	A meteorologia avisou que haveria um temporal, por isso não iríamos à praia.