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Portuguese (Portugal)

### Regular -ir Verbs

Regular **-ir** verbs are the third and final group of regular verbs in Portuguese. Their present tense endings are almost identical to **-er** verbs, differing only in the **nós** (we) form.

Drop the **-ir** from the infinitive to find the stem, then add the ending that matches the subject. Here is the pattern for **abrir** (to open):

| Pronoun | Ending | Conjugation |
| --- | --- | --- |
| eu | **-o** | **abro** |
| tu | **-es** | **abres** |
| ele / ela / você | **-e** | **abre** |
| nós | **-imos** | **abrimos** |
| eles / elas / vocês | **-em** | **abrem** |

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### Talking About Schedules

When talking about schedules, you will often use the preposition **a** (at/to) combined with a definite article to say "at [time]". For example, **a** + **as** becomes **às**.

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These endings apply to all regular **-ir** verbs, such as **partir** (to leave / to depart), which is useful for travel schedules.

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### Everyday Tasks

Other common regular **-ir** verbs include **decidir** (to decide) and **dividir** (to share / to divide).

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Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Already and not yet (já, ainda não)

Question	Answer
to open	abrir
the door	a porta
I open the door.	Eu abro a porta.
the window	a janela
Do you open the window?	Abres a janela?
to the / at the (m.sg; f.sg à, m.pl aos, f.pl às)	ao
The store opens at nine.	A loja abre às nove.
early	cedo
We open the café early.	Abrimos o café cedo.
They open the supermarket today.	Eles abrem o supermercado hoje.
The student does not open the door.	O aluno não abre a porta.
The doctor does not open the window.	A médica não abre a janela.
to leave / to depart	partir
I leave early.	Parto cedo.
the train	o comboio
The train leaves at eight.	O comboio parte às oito.
Where do you leave from?	De onde partem vocês?
The doctor opens the notebook on the train.	O médico abre o caderno no comboio.
to decide	decidir
He decides to study English.	Ele decide estudar inglês.
We decide to eat in the restaurant.	Decidimos comer no restaurante.
to share / to divide	dividir
the bill	a conta
We split the bill.	Dividimos a conta.
They always split the bill.	Eles dividem sempre a conta.
You share the cake with the girl.	Divides o bolo com a rapariga.