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### Asking What Words Mean

Two verbs run the classroom:

| | |
|---|---|
| **significar** | to mean — *O que significa "saudade"?* |
| **querer dizer** | to mean (lit. want to say) — *O que queres dizer com isso?* |

*Querer dizer* is also the repair phrase: *quer dizer...* (I mean...).

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### Understanding

**perceber** and **entender** both mean to understand, and EP speech runs on the first: *Percebes? — Percebo.* They are interchangeable here; *compreender* joins the family at B1.

### Keeping the Conversation Alive

**repetir** (to repeat — *pode repetir?*), **interromper** (to interrupt — *desculpe interromper*), **soletrar** (to spell out — *pode soletrar o nome?*). The units they work on: **a palavra** (the word), **a frase** (the sentence), **a conversa** (the conversation).


Falar e compreender (significar, repetir)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prefix

prep

preposition

pron

pronoun

sentence

verb

Demonstratives and the verb to be (isto é, o, a)

Subject pronouns and negation (eu, não)

Yes/no questions and question words (quem, o que)

Plural pronouns, articles, and verbs (somos, são, os, as)

Origin and possession (de, do, da)

Introductions (chamar-se)

Indefinite articles (um, uma, uns, umas)

The verb to be for locations (estar)

Contrasting the two verbs to be (ser vs. estar)

Preposition for locations (em, no, na)

Numbers 0 to 10 (zero, um, dois)

The verb to have (tenho, tem)

Regular -ar verbs (falar, trabalhar)

Regular -er verbs (comer, beber)

Regular -ir verbs (abrir, partir)

My, your, and our (o meu, a nossa)

His, hers, and theirs (dele, dela)

Adjective agreement and placement

Days of the week (segunda-feira)

Months of the year (janeiro)

Counting by tens to 100 (trinta, quarenta...)

Telling time (é uma, são...)

Asking about time (quando, a que horas)

The verb to go (ir)

Prepositions of direction (a, para)

Preposition a contractions (ao, à, aos, às)

Prepositions of place (ao lado de, em frente de...)

Demonstratives (este, esse, aquele)

Contractions with demonstratives (neste, desse, daquele)

Asking which and how many (qual, quanto)

Plurals ending in -ão (-ões, -ãos, -ães)

Plurals ending in consonants (-ns, -is, -es)

The verb to like (gostar de)

The verb to need (precisar de)

The verb to want (querer)

The verb can or may (poder)

Expressing obligation (ter de)

Adverbs of degree (muito, pouco)

Quantifiers (muito, pouco)

Comparatives (mais... do que, menos... do que)

Equality comparisons (tão... como)

The preposition com (comigo, contigo)

Coordinating conjunctions (e, mas, ou, porque)

The preposition por (pelo, pela)

Double negation (nunca, nada, ninguém)

Present continuous (estar a)

Near future (ir)

Past tense of regular -ar verbs

Past tense of regular -er and -ir verbs

Past tense of ser and ir (fui, foi)

Direct object pronouns (me, te, o, a, nos, os, as)

Pronoun placement with negatives and questions

Greetings and courtesy (bom dia, obrigado)

Physical states with ter (ter fome, ter frio)

Asking the way (à direita, sempre em frente)

Colours (vermelho, amarelo, cor-de-rosa)

Money and shopping (custar, a moeda)

Getting around (o motorista, a paragem de autocarro)

Weather and seasons (faz calor, o inverno)

Omitting the subject pronoun

Where things are: ficar (Onde fica...?)

Richer questions: que + noun and é que

Numbers above 100 (cento e vinte, mil)

First-person sound changes (durmo, prefiro)

Advice and ability: dever and saber

Asking why: porquê and porque

When one thing happens: quando-clauses

Here and there: aqui, aí, ali (cá e lá)

Formal and plural possessives: o seu, o vosso

Irregular presents: ver, vir, dar

Present irregulars

Reflexive verbs (me, te, se, nos)

Stem-changing reflexives

Attached object pronouns (-lo, -la, -los, -las)

Nasal attached pronouns (-no, -na, -nos, -nas)

Pronoun placement with adverbs

Past tense of fazer, dizer, and trazer

Past tense of ter, estar, poder, and saber

Past tense of querer and vir

Past tense of ver, dar, and ler

Past tense reflexive verbs (-se)

Time elapsed in the past (há)

Question	Answer
to mean, to signify	significar
"Thank you" means a lot to me.	"Obrigado" significa muito para mim.
to mean	querer dizer
What do you mean by that?	O que queres dizer com isso?
to understand, to get it	perceber
Do you understand the question?	Percebes a pergunta?
to understand	entender
I understand the teacher well.	Entendo bem o professor.
She does not understand the answer.	Ela não entende a resposta.
to repeat	repetir
Can you repeat, please?	Pode repetir, por favor?
to interrupt	interromper
Sorry to interrupt the meeting.	Desculpe interromper a reunião.
Do not interrupt the teacher!	Não interrompas a professora!
to spell (out loud)	soletrar
Can you spell your name?	Pode soletrar o seu nome?
the word	a palavra
What does this word mean?	O que significa esta palavra?
I do not understand this word.	Não percebo esta palavra.
I spell out the difficult word.	Soletro a palavra difícil.
This word is new to me.	Esta palavra é nova para mim.
Write five words on the paper.	Escreve cinco palavras no papel.
the sentence, the phrase	a frase
This sentence means something else.	Esta frase quer dizer outra coisa.
Repeat the sentence slowly.	Repete a frase devagar.
The sentence has six words.	A frase tem seis palavras.
Write a sentence about your family.	Escreve uma frase sobre a tua família.
the conversation	a conversa
The conversation with grandma was long.	A conversa com a avó foi longa.
We had a serious conversation.	Tivemos uma conversa séria.
right, correct; sure	certo
Your answer is right.	A tua resposta está certa.
Right, let's start!	Certo, vamos começar!
correct	correto
The sentence is correct.	A frase está correta.
The correct number is this one.	O número correto é este.
wrong	errado
This number is wrong.	Este número está errado.
Excuse me, the bill is wrong.	Desculpe, a conta está errada.
clear; of course	claro
The question is clear.	A pergunta é clara.
Do you get it? — Of course!	Percebes? — Claro!

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