Learn Portuguese (Portugal): Percebes a pergunta? - Do you understand the question?

Yes, you can! Both entender and perceber mean to understand. In Portugal, however, you will hear people use perceber much more often in everyday conversations.

Where is the word for 'Do' in this question?

Portuguese does not use helper words like 'do' or 'does' to make questions. You simply take the normal statement word order, which is percebes a pergunta, and make your voice go up at the end of the sentence.

Why isn't the word for 'you' included in this sentence?

In Portuguese, the verb ending usually tells you who the subject is. The -es ending on percebes specifically means you, referring to the informal tu. Because the verb makes it clear, adding tu is unnecessary unless you want to emphasize it.

Could I use the word questão here instead of pergunta?

It is much better to use pergunta here. A pergunta is a direct question that you ask someone to get a specific answer. A questão is usually a broader topic, issue, or matter to be discussed.