Breakdown of Proszę pana, dlaczego pan czyta cudzy dziennik bez pozwolenia?
pan
sir / Mr.
czytać
to read
prosić
to ask
dlaczego
why
bez
without
cudzy
someone else's
dziennik
diary
pozwolenie
permission
Questions & Answers about Proszę pana, dlaczego pan czyta cudzy dziennik bez pozwolenia?
Since this lesson is about swój, could we use swój instead of cudzy here?
What case is cudzy dziennik here?
It is in the accusative case because it is the direct object of the verb czyta (reads). Since dziennik (diary) is a masculine inanimate noun, its accusative form looks exactly the same as its nominative (dictionary) form, and the adjective cudzy matches it.
Why does the sentence start with Proszę pana if the speaker isn't asking him for a favor?
While proszę usually translates to "please" or "I ask", the fixed phrase Proszę pana is the standard, polite way to say "Excuse me, sir" or to respectfully get a man's attention before talking to him.
Why is pozwolenie (permission) in the form pozwolenia at the end of the sentence?
The preposition bez (without) always forces the noun that follows it into the genitive case. Because pozwolenie is a neuter noun, its ending changes from -e to -a in the genitive.
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