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### Our and Your (Plural)

To talk about things belonging to "us" or "you all" (plural), we use the possessive pronouns **nasz** (our) and **wasz** (your). Just like *mój* (my) and *twój* (your), these pronouns must match the gender of the noun they describe.

For masculine nouns like *bagaż* (luggage), *plecak* (backpack), or *paszport* (passport), use the base forms **nasz** and **wasz**.

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### Feminine Forms

When describing a feminine noun—typically one ending in **-a** like *walizka* (suitcase) or *torba* (bag)—add an **-a** to the end of the possessive pronoun to make it feminine:

| English | Masculine | Feminine |
| --- | --- | --- |
| Our | nasz | nasza |
| Your (plural) | wasz | wasza |

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### Traveling and Trains

When talking about travel, you will often use the verb *jechać* (to travel / to go by vehicle). While other verbs are used for walking, *jechać* is the correct verb for vehicles like a *pociąg* (train) in motion.

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Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Lack or absence (nie ma)

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Question	Answer
our	nasz
luggage	bagaż
your (plural)	wasz
backpack	plecak
This is our luggage, and this is your backpack.	To jest nasz bagaż, a to jest wasz plecak.
suitcase	walizka
heavy	ciężki
Our suitcase is very heavy.	Nasza walizka jest bardzo ciężka.
bag	torba
Where is your new bag?	Gdzie jest wasza nowa torba?
ticket	bilet
Is this ticket ours?	Czy ten bilet jest nasz?
passport	paszport
Here is your passport and backpack.	Tu jest wasz paszport i plecak.
train	pociąg
to travel	jechać
Our train is going there.	Nasz pociąg tam jedzie.
Is your train going today?	Czy wasz pociąg jedzie dzisiaj?
This bag is heavy. Is this our luggage?	Ta torba jest ciężka. Czy to jest nasz bagaż?
Your suitcase is very small.	Wasza walizka jest bardzo mała.
Our ticket is in the backpack.	Nasz bilet jest w plecaku.
Where is your luggage?	Gdzie jest wasz bagaż?
Is this train going fast?	Czy ten pociąg jedzie szybko?
Where is our passport?	Gdzie jest nasz paszport?
his, its	jego
His brother is a doctor.	Jego brat jest lekarzem.
This is his luggage.	To jest jego bagaż.
one's own	swój
I have my own ticket.	Mam swój bilet.
I am reading my own book.	Czytam swoją książkę.
oneself	siebie
I wash myself.	Myję siebie.
I know myself well.	Znam siebie dobrze.

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