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### Expressing Absence with "Nie ma"

In Polish, to say "there is no..." or to state that something is missing, use the phrase **nie ma**. It always requires the following noun to be in the **Genitive** case. 

Here is how to form the Genitive for weather and nature nouns.

### Masculine Nouns
Many masculine inanimate nouns take the ending **-u** in the Genitive.
- **wiatr** (wind) → **wiatru**
- **deszcz** (rain) → **deszczu**
- **śnieg** (snow) → **śniegu**
- **las** (forest) → **lasu**

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### Feminine Nouns
Feminine nouns ending in **-a** change to **-y** (or **-i** after *k* or *g*).
- **rzeka** (river) → **rzeki**

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### Neuter Nouns
Neuter nouns ending in **-o** or **-e** change to **-a**.
- **słońce** (sun) → **słońca**
- **drzewo** (tree) → **drzewa**
- **morze** (sea) → **morza**
- **jezioro** (lake) → **jeziora**

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Lack or absence (nie ma)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

predicative

preposition

pronoun

proper noun

sentence

verb

This is (to jest)

The verb to be, singular (być)

Formal address (Pan, Pani)

Demonstrative pronouns (ten, ta, to)

Adjective agreement

Negation (nie)

Basic questions (czy, kto, co, gdzie, jak)

The verb to be, plural (być)

Present tense -m/-sz verbs

Reflexive verbs (się)

Coordinating conjunctions (i, a, ale)

Feminine direct objects (Accusative)

Inanimate direct objects (Accusative)

Animate masculine direct objects (Accusative)

Present tense verbs 2 (-ę, -isz / -ysz)

Expressing location (w, na)

Locative adjective agreement

Professions and nationalities (Instrumental)

Accompaniment (z + Instrumental)

Present tense verbs 3 (-ę, -esz)

Plural possessives (nasz, wasz)

Numbers 1 to 10

Genitive of possession

Genitive of negation

Basic quantifiers (dużo, mało, trochę)

Liking things (podoba mi się)

Modal verbs (móc, musieć)

Subordinating conjunctions (bo, że)

Unidirectional motion verbs (iść, jechać)

Expressing age (mieć... lat)

Habitual motion (chodzić, jeździć)

Expressing destination (do)

Days of the week (poniedziałek, wtorek...)

Plural nouns for objects and animals

Plural nouns for people

Plural adjective agreement

Accusative object pronouns (go, ją, je...)

The past tense of to be (był)

Singular past tense (-łem, -łam...)

Expressing age (mieć + lata / lat)

Plural past tense (-li / -ły)

Perfective past tense

Future tense (będę + infinitive)

Age: one year (mieć rok)

Prices and currency (złoty, grosz)

Destination (na + accusative)

Non-masculine plurals (-e, -y, -i)

Instrumental pronouns (ze mną, z tobą)

To know (znać vs wiedzieć)

The future perfective tense

The imperative mood

Months of the year (styczeń, luty)

Greetings and farewells (dzień dobry, cześć)

Introducing yourself (mam na imię)

Thank you and sorry (dziękuję, przepraszam)

Left, right, up and down (po lewej stronie)

Parts of the body (ręka, noga)

Parts of the day (dzień, noc, południe)

What is it like? (jaki, jaka, jakie)

Speaking Polish (mówić po polsku)

Instrumental for adjectives (dobrym, dobrą)

Please do... (proszę + infinitive)

Interests (interesować się + Instrumental)

Can one? (można, trzeba, nie wolno)

By bus or by train (jechać autobusem)

Where are you from? (jestem z Polski)

Where exactly? (obok, przy, przed, za, pod, nad)

What time is it? (Która godzina?)

Not seeing her (go, jej, ich; niego, niej, nich)

When I have time (kiedy as a conjunction)

Irregular past stems (miał, mieli)

The verb 'iść' in the past (szedł, szli)

Imperfective future (będę odpoczywał)

Past aspect (robił vs zrobił)

Future aspect (będzie malował vs pomaluje)

Perfective motion with po- (pójść, pojechać)

Arrival verbs with przy- (przyjść, przyjechać)

Departure verbs with wy- (wyjść, wyjechać)

The Vocative case (Panie, Mamo)

Plural possessives (moi, moje)

Reflexive possessive pronouns (swój)

Genitive plural of masculine nouns (-ów, -y, -i)

Genitive plural of feminine and neuter nouns

Genitive plural of adjectives (-ych, -ich)

Accusative plural of masculine personal nouns

Numbers 2, 3, and 4

Question	Answer
weather	pogoda
wind	wiatr
The weather is good today, there is no wind.	Dzisiaj jest dobra pogoda, nie ma wiatru.
This weather is very bad.	Ta pogoda jest bardzo zła.
sun	słońce
Today there is no sun, and the water is cold.	Dzisiaj nie ma słońca, a woda jest zimna.
In the morning there is no sun.	Rano nie ma słońca.
rain	deszcz
There is no rain here.	Tu nie ma deszczu.
forest	las
This old forest is big, but today there is no sun.	Ten stary las jest duży, ale dzisiaj nie ma słońca.
snow	śnieg
Now there is no snow and no wind.	Teraz nie ma śniegu i wiatru.
There is always snow there, but today there is no snow.	Tam zawsze jest śnieg, ale dzisiaj nie ma śniegu.
tree	drzewo
This tree is small.	To drzewo jest małe.
Is there a tree here? No, there is no tree here.	Czy tu jest drzewo? Nie, tu nie ma drzewa.
Where is this big forest?	Gdzie jest ten duży las?
There is no forest here, there is only a city.	Tu nie ma lasu, jest tylko miasto.
river	rzeka
Where is the river?	Gdzie jest rzeka?
There is no river here.	Tu nie ma rzeki.
sea	morze
We love the sea, but there is no sea here.	Kochamy morze, ale tu nie ma morza.
This sea is very clean.	To morze jest bardzo czyste.
lake	jezioro
This is a pretty lake.	To jest ładne jezioro.
There is no lake nearby, there is only a forest.	Blisko nie ma jeziora, jest tylko las.
There is no rain today.	Dzisiaj nie ma deszczu.
email	mail
I am writing an email.	Piszę mail.
The email is on the internet.	Mail jest w internecie.

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