Breakdown of Avendo lo sciopero causato tutto questo disagio, ci scusiamo.
questo
this (masculine)
avere
to have
tutto
all the / whole
scusarsi
to apologize
Questions & Answers about Avendo lo sciopero causato tutto questo disagio, ci scusiamo.
Why is lo sciopero placed between avendo and causato instead of at the beginning like in English?
In an absolute gerund phrase, the explicit subject must follow the gerund, rather than preceding it. Because this is a compound tense (auxiliary + past participle), the subject is often tucked right between the two verb parts, though placing it after the participle (Avendo causato lo sciopero...) is also perfectly fine.
What would this sentence mean if we left out the words lo sciopero?
Why do we say tutto questo disagio instead of tutto il questo disagio?
When combining tutto (all) with a demonstrative adjective like questo (this) or quello (that), you drop the definite article. You only use the article when tutto is followed directly by a regular noun, as in tutto il disagio (all the inconvenience).
Why do we use the reflexive ci scusiamo here instead of just scusiamo?