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Riassumendo ogni capitolo, gli studenti memorizzano più facilmente.

Riassumendo ogni capitolo, gli studenti memorizzano più facilmente.
By summarizing each chapter, the students memorize more easily.
From Lesson 196:Present gerund (-ando, -endo)·Italian

Questions & Answers about Riassumendo ogni capitolo, gli studenti memorizzano più facilmente.

Why is there no Italian word for "by" before riassumendo?
In Italian, the present gerund (riassumendo) on its own often expresses the means or method. It translates naturally to "by summarizing" in English. You don't need to add a preposition like per or con before a gerund.
How do we know who is doing the summarizing here?
The subject of a gerund clause is almost always the same as the subject of the main clause. Since gli studenti are doing the memorizing (memorizzano), they are also the ones doing the summarizing (riassumendo).
If there are multiple chapters, why is it ogni capitolo instead of the plural?
The word ogni translates to "each" or "every." Just like in English, it is invariable and must always be followed by a singular noun, which is why we use capitolo rather than capitoli.
How is the adverb facilmente formed?
It is formed by taking the adjective facile (easy) and adding the suffix -mente, which works exactly like the English suffix "-ly". Adding più (more) in front creates the comparative phrase "more easily".

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