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Icelandic

When expressing possession in Icelandic, the words for "my" (**minn**) and "your" (**þinn**) must agree with their noun in gender, number, and case. They also generally come *after* the noun.

Here is how these possessive pronouns look in the **dative** case, which is triggered by certain prepositions (like **frá** and **hjá**) and verbs (like **hjálpa**, **svara**, and **trúa**).

### Masculine Singular

For masculine nouns in the dative case, use **mínum** and **þínum**.

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### Feminine Singular

For feminine nouns in the dative case, use **minni** and **þinni**.

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### Neuter Singular

For neuter nouns in the dative case, use **mínu** and **þínu**.

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### Plural (All Genders)

In the plural, the dative forms for all three genders are **mínum** and **þínum**. Notice that this is identical to the masculine singular form! You will also often see the familiar **-um** ending on the dative plural noun itself.

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### Family Compounds

When talking about extended family, you will often use compound words ending in **-faðir** (father) and **-móðir** (mother), such as **tengdafaðir** (father-in-law) or **stjúpmóðir** (stepmother). 

These endings decline just like the stand-alone words for father and mother. In the dative:
- **-faðir** becomes **-föður** (masculine, taking **mínum** / **þínum**)
- **-móðir** becomes **-móður** (feminine, taking **minni** / **þinni**)

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My and your in the dative (mínum, þínum)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative and the definite suffix (þetta er, -inn, -in, -ið)

Singular pronouns and to be (ég er, þú ert)

Singular adjective agreement

Yes/no questions (ert þú…?)

Basic negation (ekki)

Plural pronouns and to be (við erum, þeir eru)

Group 1 weak verbs (-ar)

Group 2 and 3 verbs (-ir, -ur)

Information questions (hvað, hver, hvar)

Expressing opinions (mér finnst, mér líkar)

Expressing desires (mig langar)

Numbers 1 to 10 (einn, tveir, þrír)

Direct objects on indefinite nouns

Direct objects on definite nouns

Singular object pronouns (mig, þig...)

Plural object pronouns (okkur, ykkur...)

Directional prepositions (um, í, á)

Verb-second word order

Expressing intentions (ætla að)

Needs and wants (þurfa, vilja)

Middle voice verbs (-st)

Possessive pronouns (minn, þinn)

Dative case with prepositions (í, á, frá)

Definite dative nouns (-num, -nni, -nu)

Dative personal pronouns (honum, henni, þeim)

Plural nouns (-ar, -ir, -ur)

Definite plural nouns (-nir, -nar, -in)

Accusative plural nouns

Number agreement 1 to 4 (einn, tveir…)

Singular commands

Past tense of the verb to be (var, vorum)

Present continuous (vera að)

Strong verbs in the present tense

Weather and dummy subjects (það)

Invariable possessive pronouns (hans, hennar, þeirra)

Accusative possessives (minn, þinn)

Accompaniment (með)

Dative plural (-um, -unum)

Compound sentences (og, en, eða)

"This" in the nominative (þessi, þessi, þetta)

"This" in the accusative (þennan, þessa, þetta)

Accusative adjectives (-an, -a, -t)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the accusative (einn, tvo, þrjá)

Third-person reflexive pronouns (sig, sér)

The preposition "to" with the genitive (til)

Subordinating conjunctions (að, af því að)

Simple past of weak verbs (-aði)

Question words (hvernig, hvaða)

Physical possession (vera með)

Abstract possession (hafa)

Telling time (hálf, korter)

Plural commands (-ið)

The simple past tense (-di, -ti, -ði)

Possessive noun endings (-s, -ar)

Days of the week (á mánudaginn, á mánudögum)

Kveðjur — greetings (halló, bless)

Um mig — where I am from

Kurteisi — please, sorry, congratulations

Ability and knowing how (kunna að)

Permission (mega)

Obligation (eiga að)

Plural strong verbs

Numbers 11 to 20 (ellefu, tólf...)

Counting by tens to 100 (þrjátíu, fjörutíu...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (fyrsti, annar...)

All / everything / everyone (allur)

The indefinite pronoun someone (einhver)

The indefinite pronoun no one (enginn)

Compound numbers from 21 (tuttugu og)

This in the dative singular (þessum, þessari, þessu)

These in the dative plural (þessum)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the dative (einum, tveimur)

Adjectives in the dative singular (-um, -ri, -u)

Adjectives in the dative plural (-um)

Reflexive possessive in the accusative (sinn, sína, sitt)

Reflexive possessive in the dative (sínum, sinni)

Reflexive versus regular possessives (sinn, hans)

Demonstrative plural (þessir, þessar, þessi)

Definite genitive singular (-sins, -arinnar)

Indefinite genitive plural (-a)

Definite genitive plural (-anna)

Genitive prepositions (án, milli, vegna)

Prepositions of direction (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Prepositions of static location (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Weak adjectives in the nominative (-i, -a, -a)

Question	Answer
the uncle	frændinn
I help my uncle.	Ég hjálpa frænda mínum.
the neighbor	nágranninn
Do you answer your neighbor?	Svarar þú nágranna þínum?
the female friend	vinkonan
I believe my female friend because she is good.	Ég trúi vinkonu minni af því að hún er góð.
the aunt	frænkan
Are you at home with your aunt now?	Ert þú heima hjá frænku þinni núna?
the grandchild	barnabarnið
I have the letter from my grandchild.	Ég er með bréfið frá barnabarni mínu.
Here is the book from your grandchild.	Hér er bókin frá barnabarni þínu.
the father-in-law	tengdafaðirinn
I thank my father-in-law.	Ég þakka tengdaföður mínum.
the mother-in-law	tengdamóðirin
Do you forgive your mother-in-law?	Fyrirgefur þú tengdamóður þinni?
the acquaintance	kunninginn
I help my acquaintances and friends.	Ég hjálpa kunningjum mínum og vinum.
The book is from your acquaintances.	Bókin er frá kunningjum þínum.
the stepfather	stjúpfaðirinn
I answer my stepfather because I love him.	Ég svara stjúpföður mínum af því að ég elska hann.
the stepmother	stjúpmóðirin
Do you believe your stepmother or your dad?	Trúir þú stjúpmóður þinni eða pabba þínum?
My stepmother helps my female friend.	Stjúpmóðir mín hjálpar vinkonu minni.
Is the dog with your father-in-law or my neighbor?	Er hundurinn hjá tengdaföður þínum eða nágranna mínum?
Does your stepfather forgive my uncle?	Fyrirgefur stjúpfaðir þinn frænda mínum?
The book is from my mother-in-law but not your aunt.	Bókin er frá tengdamóður minni en ekki frænku þinni.
the underpants	nærbuxurnar
My underpants are blue.	Nærbuxurnar mínar eru bláar.
I buy new underpants in the shop.	Ég kaupi nýjar nærbuxur í búðinni.

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