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Icelandic

In Icelandic, when you do an action to yourself—like grooming or getting ready—you use reflexive verbs. While the third person uses a special reflexive pronoun, the first person (I, we) and second person (you) do not. 

Instead, you just use the standard personal object pronouns to mean "myself," "yourself," etc. The form of the pronoun depends entirely on whether the specific verb takes the accusative or dative case.

| Person | Accusative | Dative |
| --- | --- | --- |
| **I** | mig | mér |
| **You (singular)** | þig | þér |
| **We** | okkur | okkur |
| **You (plural)** | ykkur | ykkur |

### Accusative Reflexive Verbs

For actions that take the **accusative** case, use **mig** and **þig**. You will see this with verbs like **að farða sig** (to put makeup on) and **að snyrta sig** (to freshen up / groom oneself).

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### Dative Reflexive Verbs

Other reflexive verbs require the **dative** case, meaning you will use **mér** and **þér**. A common example is **að greiða sér** (to comb one's hair):

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Another useful dative reflexive verb is **að flýta sér** (to hurry). Notice how addressing a group ("yourselves") simply uses the standard dative plural pronoun **ykkur**.

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First and second person reflexivity (mig, þér)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Presentative and the definite suffix (þetta er, -inn, -in, -ið)

Singular pronouns and to be (ég er, þú ert)

Singular adjective agreement

Yes/no questions (ert þú…?)

Basic negation (ekki)

Plural pronouns and to be (við erum, þeir eru)

Group 1 weak verbs (-ar)

Group 2 and 3 verbs (-ir, -ur)

Information questions (hvað, hver, hvar)

Expressing opinions (mér finnst, mér líkar)

Expressing desires (mig langar)

Numbers 1 to 10 (einn, tveir, þrír)

Direct objects on indefinite nouns

Direct objects on definite nouns

Singular object pronouns (mig, þig...)

Plural object pronouns (okkur, ykkur...)

Directional prepositions (um, í, á)

Verb-second word order

Expressing intentions (ætla að)

Needs and wants (þurfa, vilja)

Middle voice verbs (-st)

Possessive pronouns (minn, þinn)

Dative case with prepositions (í, á, frá)

Definite dative nouns (-num, -nni, -nu)

Dative personal pronouns (honum, henni, þeim)

Plural nouns (-ar, -ir, -ur)

Definite plural nouns (-nir, -nar, -in)

Accusative plural nouns

Number agreement 1 to 4 (einn, tveir…)

Singular commands

Past tense of the verb to be (var, vorum)

Present continuous (vera að)

Strong verbs in the present tense

Weather and dummy subjects (það)

Invariable possessive pronouns (hans, hennar, þeirra)

Accusative possessives (minn, þinn)

Accompaniment (með)

Dative plural (-um, -unum)

Compound sentences (og, en, eða)

"This" in the nominative (þessi, þessi, þetta)

"This" in the accusative (þennan, þessa, þetta)

Accusative adjectives (-an, -a, -t)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the accusative (einn, tvo, þrjá)

Third-person reflexive pronouns (sig, sér)

The preposition "to" with the genitive (til)

Subordinating conjunctions (að, af því að)

Simple past of weak verbs (-aði)

Question words (hvernig, hvaða)

Physical possession (vera með)

Abstract possession (hafa)

Telling time (hálf, korter)

Plural commands (-ið)

The simple past tense (-di, -ti, -ði)

Possessive noun endings (-s, -ar)

Days of the week (á mánudaginn, á mánudögum)

Kveðjur — greetings (halló, bless)

Um mig — where I am from

Kurteisi — please, sorry, congratulations

Ability and knowing how (kunna að)

Permission (mega)

Obligation (eiga að)

Plural strong verbs

Numbers 11 to 20 (ellefu, tólf...)

Counting by tens to 100 (þrjátíu, fjörutíu...)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 10th (fyrsti, annar...)

All / everything / everyone (allur)

The indefinite pronoun someone (einhver)

The indefinite pronoun no one (enginn)

Compound numbers from 21 (tuttugu og)

This in the dative singular (þessum, þessari, þessu)

These in the dative plural (þessum)

My and your in the dative (mínum, þínum)

Numbers 1 to 4 in the dative (einum, tveimur)

Adjectives in the dative singular (-um, -ri, -u)

Adjectives in the dative plural (-um)

Reflexive possessive in the accusative (sinn, sína, sitt)

Reflexive possessive in the dative (sínum, sinni)

Reflexive versus regular possessives (sinn, hans)

Demonstrative plural (þessir, þessar, þessi)

Definite genitive singular (-sins, -arinnar)

Indefinite genitive plural (-a)

Definite genitive plural (-anna)

Genitive prepositions (án, milli, vegna)

Prepositions of direction (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Prepositions of static location (yfir, undir, fyrir)

Question	Answer
ready	tilbúinn
the dance	ballið
Are you ready for the dance?	Ert þú tilbúinn fyrir ballið?
I want to be ready.	Mig langar að vera tilbúinn.
to put makeup on	farða sig
I want to put makeup on for the dance.	Mig langar að farða mig fyrir ballið.
the lipstick	varaliturinn
Do you use the lipstick when you put makeup on?	Notar þú varalitinn þegar þú farðar þig?
to groom oneself	snyrta sig
You need to freshen up now.	Þú þarft að snyrta þig núna.
I am going into the bathroom to freshen up.	Ég fer inn á baðherbergið til að snyrta mig.
the mascara	maskarinn
I always use the mascara and the lipstick.	Ég nota alltaf maskarann og varalitinn.
the nail polish	naglalakkið
You think the nail polish is very pretty.	Þér finnst naglalakkið mjög fallegt.
I am going to use the nail polish and the mascara tonight.	Ég ætla að nota naglalakkið og maskarann í kvöld.
the hairdryer	hárblásarinn
I comb my hair and use the hairdryer.	Ég greiði mér og nota hárblásarann.
Do you need the hairdryer when you comb your hair?	Þarft þú hárblásarann þegar þú greiðir þér?
the perfume	ilmvatnið
The perfume is very good. I always use it.	Ilmvatnið er mjög gott. Ég nota það alltaf.
Do you want to try the perfume?	Vilt þú prófa ilmvatnið?
to hurry	flýta sér
I need to hurry now!	Ég þarf að flýta mér núna!
You guys also need to hurry.	Þið þurfið líka að flýta ykkur.
See you at the dance!	Við sjáumst á ballinu!