Ablam yeni bir etek aldı ve bugün onu giydi.

Ablam means my older sister.

It is made from:

• abla = older sister
• -m = my

So:

• ablam = my older sister

Turkish often puts the possessive ending directly on the noun, so you do not need a separate word like my every time.

A fuller version would be:

• benim ablam = my older sister

But Turkish usually drops benim when it is already clear.

Also, abla specifically means older sister, not just any sister.

No. Abla can mean:

• your actual older sister
• an older young woman/girl you address warmly or respectfully
• a woman seen as a big-sister figure

But in ablam, the most natural meaning is my older sister.

So in this sentence, it is almost certainly literal unless context suggests otherwise.

In Turkish, adjectives normally come before the noun, and bir often works like a/an.

So the usual order is:

• adjective + bir + noun

Example:

• güzel bir ev = a beautiful house
• yeni bir etek = a new skirt

So yeni bir etek is the normal way to say a new skirt.

Here:

• yeni = new
• bir = a/an
• etek = skirt

Here, bir means a/an, not one.

So:

• yeni bir etek = a new skirt

Turkish uses bir both for:

• the number one
• the indefinite article a/an

Context tells you which meaning is intended.

In this sentence, it is indefinite article use: a new skirt.

This is a very common Turkish question.

In Turkish, direct objects are often treated differently depending on whether they are specific/definite or non-specific/indefinite.

Here:

• yeni bir etek aldı = she bought a new skirt

The skirt is being introduced as a skirt, not the skirt or a specifically identified skirt. Because of that, etek stays without the accusative ending.

If it were specific, you would expect something like:

• yeni eteği aldı = she bought the new skirt
• bir eteği aldı can also be specific in some contexts, but that is a more advanced usage

So in this sentence:

• etek = indefinite, non-specific object

That is why there is no -i ending here.

Aldı is the simple past form of almak.

• almak = to take, to buy, to receive
• aldı = he/she/it took / bought

In this sentence, the natural meaning is bought:

• Ablam yeni bir etek aldı = My older sister bought a new skirt

The ending -dı / -di / -du / -dü is a common past tense ending in Turkish. Its vowel changes by vowel harmony.

So:

• al-dı = bought
• giy-di = wore / put on

Because onu is the object form of o.

• o = he / she / it / that
• onu = him / her / it / that one (as a direct object)

In the sentence:

• bugün onu giydi = she wore it today

The skirt is the thing being worn, so it is the direct object. Turkish marks that with the accusative form here.

So:

• o = subject form
• onu = object form

This is similar to English:

• she vs her
• he vs him

Also, the n in onu is a buffer consonant:

• o + -(n)u = onu

Because the two objects are being treated differently.

In the first clause:

• yeni bir etek aldı
• the skirt is indefinite and newly introduced
• so Turkish leaves it unmarked: etek

In the second clause:

• onu giydi
• now we are talking about that specific skirt
• so Turkish uses the marked object form: onu

This contrast is very natural in Turkish:

1. introduce something as indefinite
2. refer back to it as definite/specific

So the sentence works like this:

• She bought a new skirt
• and wore it today

It can mean either, depending on context.

• giymek = to wear / to put on

So giydi may be understood as:

• wore it
• put it on

In this sentence, because of bugün and the overall context, English often translates it as wore it today. But the Turkish verb itself can cover both ideas.

Turkish often drops subject pronouns when they are already clear from context.

So instead of saying:

• Ablam yeni bir etek aldı ve o bugün onu giydi

Turkish very naturally says:

• Ablam yeni bir etek aldı ve bugün onu giydi

The subject is still understood as she = ablam.

This is very common in Turkish. Once the subject is known, it is often omitted.

The basic Turkish word order is often Subject – Object – Verb.

Here:

• Ablam = subject
• yeni bir etek = object
• aldı = verb

And in the second clause:

• bugün = today
• onu = it
• giydi = wore

So the sentence is:

• Ablam yeni bir etek aldı ve bugün onu giydi.

Yes, bugün can move around, because Turkish word order is fairly flexible. For example:

• Ablam yeni bir etek aldı ve onu bugün giydi.
• Bugün ablam yeni bir etek aldı ve onu giydi.

These variations may slightly change emphasis, but the original sentence is completely natural.

Because Turkish strongly prefers the verb near the end, especially in neutral sentence order.

So:

• Ablam yeni bir etek aldı
• ve bugün onu giydi

This is standard Turkish structure.

English says:

• My sister bought a new skirt and wore it today

But Turkish usually saves the verb for the end of each clause. That is one of the biggest word-order differences English speakers notice.