Saat dokuz buçuk olunca babam televizyonu kapatır ve uyumaya gider.

Olunca comes from olmak (to be / to become) plus the suffix -ınca / -ince / -unca / -ünce, which usually means when or once.

So Saat dokuz buçuk olunca literally means something like:

when it becomes nine-thirty

In natural English, that is simply when it’s half past nine or when it gets to 9:30.

This structure is very common in Turkish for time expressions.

Turkish often expresses clock time as something that the time reaches or becomes.

So:

• Saat dokuz buçukta = at 9:30
• Saat dokuz buçuk olunca = when it becomes 9:30 / when it gets to 9:30

The sentence uses olunca because the idea is not just the time itself, but the moment when that time arrives.

Dokuz buçuk means half past nine.

In Turkish, buçuk means half in time expressions. So:

• dokuz buçuk = 9:30
• literally, something like nine and a half

This is a very normal everyday way to tell time in Turkish.

Yes, you could.

• dokuz buçuk = the everyday half past nine
• dokuz otuz = nine thirty, more like a digital-clock style way of saying it

Both are correct, but dokuz buçuk often sounds more natural in ordinary speech.

Not always, but it is very common and helpful.

• Saat dokuz buçuk olunca = when it gets to 9:30
• Dokuz buçuk olunca can also work if the context already makes it clear that you are talking about the time

Using saat makes the sentence clearer and more explicit.

Because babam means my father.

It is made from:

• baba = father
• -m = my

So:

• baba = father
• babam = my father

Turkish often uses possessive suffixes instead of separate words like my.

That -u is the accusative case ending for a definite direct object.

Here, televizyonu kapatır means he turns off the television — a specific, known television.

Compare:

• televizyon kapatır = turns off television / turns off a television, less definite and not very natural here
• televizyonu kapatır = turns off the TV, a specific one

So the -u shows that the object is definite.

Kapatır is the aorist form, which is often used for:

• habits
• routines
• general actions
• things that usually happen

So in this sentence, it suggests a habitual action:

When it gets to 9:30, my father turns off the TV and goes to sleep.

Compare:

• kapatır = he turns off / he usually turns off
• kapatıyor = he is turning off / he turns off these days
• kapattı = he turned off

Because this sentence sounds like a routine, kapatır fits well.

For the same reason: it is part of the same habitual, regular sequence.

• kapatır = he turns off
• gider = he goes

Together they describe what he typically does at that time.

Turkish often uses the same tense/aspect form across coordinated verbs when describing a routine.

Uyumaya is built from the verb uyumak (to sleep).

It can be broken down like this:

• uyu- = verb stem
• -ma = verbal noun / infinitive-like form
• -ya = dative ending (to / toward)

So uyumaya literally means something like:

to sleeping or for sleeping

In natural English, we just say to sleep.

This is a very common Turkish pattern:

verb + -(y)A gitmek

It means to go somewhere/to go in order to do something.

So:

• uyumaya gider = he goes to sleep / he goes off to sleep / he goes to bed to sleep

It is not exactly the same as the English single verb sleeps. It emphasizes the idea of going off for the purpose of sleeping.

You can see the same pattern in other examples:

• yemek yemeye gidiyorum = I’m going to eat
• çalışmaya gitti = he/she went to study

No. Ve simply means and, and it is perfectly correct here.

But Turkish also often links actions in other ways. For example:

• televizyonu kapatır ve uyumaya gider
• televizyonu kapatıp uyumaya gider

The second version uses -ıp / -ip / -up / -üp, which often means and then or by doing.

Both are natural, but ve is the most straightforward for a learner.

Because Turkish usually does not need subject pronouns when the subject is already clear.

Here, the subject is already expressed by babam (my father), so there is no need to add o (he).

Turkish often leaves pronouns out unless they are needed for emphasis or contrast.

Not completely. Turkish word order is flexible, but verbs usually stay near the end of their clauses.

This sentence begins with the time clause:

Saat dokuz buçuk olunca

and then gives the main clause:

babam televizyonu kapatır ve uyumaya gider

You could also say:

Babam saat dokuz buçuk olunca televizyonu kapatır ve uyumaya gider.

That is also fine.

So the order can move around for emphasis, but the basic Turkish tendency is still to keep the verb toward the end.

Yes, in some contexts.

For example, you might also hear:

• Saat dokuz buçuk olduğunda...
• Saat dokuz buçuk olunca...

Both can mean when it is 9:30 / when it gets to 9:30.

But olunca is shorter, very common, and natural in everyday speech. It often feels a bit more direct and conversational than olduğunda.