Markette çok kahvaltılık vardı, ama ben sadece peynir ve zeytin aldım.

Markette means in the market / at the supermarket.

It is made from:

• market = market, supermarket
• -de / -da / -te / -ta = the locative suffix, meaning in, at, on

Here it becomes -te because the word market ends in the voiceless consonant t, so Turkish uses the voiceless version of the suffix.

So:

• market + te = markette

The double tt is just what happens in spelling when a word ending in t takes -te.

Turkish often puts place or time information near the beginning of the sentence to set the scene.

So Markette tells us first where this happened. That sounds very natural in Turkish.

A rough structure here is:

• Markette = in the market
• çok kahvaltılık vardı = there were many breakfast items
• ama ben sadece peynir ve zeytin aldım = but I bought only cheese and olives

Kahvaltılık comes from:

• kahvaltı = breakfast
• -lık / -lik / -luk / -lük = a suffix that can mean something for, something related to, or a thing used for

So kahvaltılık means something like:

• breakfast food
• something for breakfast
• breakfast item

In a store, kahvaltılık often refers to foods such as:

• cheese
• olives
• jam
• honey
• spreads
• sausage

So it has a slightly broader sense than just the English word breakfast.

Because in Turkish, after words like çok meaning many / a lot of, the noun is usually kept singular.

So Turkish says:

• çok kitap = many books
• çok insan = many people
• çok kahvaltılık = many breakfast items

This is different from English, where plural is required.

So even though English would say many breakfast items, Turkish naturally uses the singular form after çok.

Vardı is the past form of var, which means there is / there are or exists.

So:

• var = there is / there are
• vardı = there was / there were

In this sentence:

• çok kahvaltılık vardı = there were many breakfast items

Turkish does not use a verb exactly like English there was here. Instead, it uses var for existence.

It is:

• var = exists, there is
• -dı = past tense suffix

So:

• var + dı = vardı

The vowel is ı because of vowel harmony.

This gives the meaning there was / there were.

Yes. Aldım already tells us the subject is I.

• al- = buy, take
• -dı- = past
• -m = I

So aldım already means I bought.

The pronoun ben is included for emphasis or contrast, especially because of ama meaning but.

So ama ben... feels like:

• but I...
• but as for me...

If you remove ben, the sentence is still correct:

• Markette çok kahvaltılık vardı, ama sadece peynir ve zeytin aldım.

But with ben, the contrast is a little stronger.

Sadece means only / just.

Its position shows what it is limiting. Here it comes before peynir ve zeytin, so the idea is:

• I bought only cheese and olives

In other words, among all the breakfast items available, those were the only things the speaker bought.

Turkish word order can shift for emphasis, but this placement is very natural and clear.

Because they are indefinite direct objects.

In Turkish, a direct object often stays without the accusative suffix if it means:

• some amount of something
• a non-specific thing
• an indefinite item

So:

• peynir ve zeytin aldım = I bought cheese and olives / some cheese and olives

If the speaker meant specific cheese and olives, Turkish would more likely use the accusative:

• peyniri ve zeytini aldım = I bought the cheese and the olives / those specific cheese and olives

This is a very important Turkish grammar point.

Turkish often uses bare singular nouns for foods or unspecified amounts.

So:

• peynir aldım = I bought cheese
• zeytin aldım = I bought olives

Even though English may use a plural like olives, Turkish can keep the noun in the singular form when speaking generally or indefinitely.

So this does not mean the speaker bought exactly one olive. It just means some olives or olives as a food item.

Aldım breaks down like this:

• al- = buy, take
• -dı = past tense
• -m = first person singular, I

So:

• al + dı + m = aldım

It means:

• I bought
• or literally also I took, depending on context

The vowel ı follows vowel harmony, and the past suffix appears as -dı here because the stem ends in the voiced consonant l.

The basic Turkish word order is often Subject–Object–Verb.

So here:

• peynir ve zeytin = object
• aldım = verb

Literally, it is closer to:

• cheese and olives bought I

Of course, in natural English we say:

• I bought cheese and olives

This verb-final structure is one of the most noticeable differences between Turkish and English.

Yes. Kahvaltılık can be used both as a noun and as an adjective-like modifier.

For example:

• kahvaltılık aldım = I bought breakfast items
• kahvaltılık ürünler = breakfast products
• kahvaltılık peynir = cheese for breakfast

In your sentence, kahvaltılık is being used on its own as a noun, meaning breakfast stuff / breakfast items.

Ama means but.

It connects two contrasting ideas:

• there were many breakfast items in the market
• but the speaker bought only cheese and olives

So it shows a contrast between what was available and what was actually bought.