Gözlüğümü dün bankta unutsaydım, bugün kitabı okuyamazdım.

In Turkish, gözlük is usually singular even when it means a pair of eyeglasses.

So gözlüğümü breaks down as:

• gözlük = glasses / eyeglasses
• -üm = my
• -ü = accusative marker

So it literally means my glasses as the direct object.

Also, the final k in gözlük changes to ğ before a vowel, which is why you get gözlüğüm, not gözlüküm.

unutsaydım means if I had forgotten.

It can be broken down like this:

• unut- = forget
• -sa = if
• -ydı = past marker here
• -m = I

So:

• unutsaydım = if I had forgotten

This is a common Turkish way to form an unreal or contrary-to-fact past condition.

Because the sentence is talking about an unreal situation in the past.

• unutsam = if I forgot / if I were to forget
  • more open, less clearly past-counterfactual
• unutsaydım = if I had forgotten
  • specifically unreal past

Since the sentence also has dün (yesterday) and describes something that did not actually happen, unutsaydım is the natural form.

Because this is a counterfactual conditional.

The sentence combines:

• an unreal past condition: Gözlüğümü dün bankta unutsaydım
• an unreal present result: bugün kitabı okuyamazdım

This is similar to an English mixed conditional:

• If I had forgotten my glasses yesterday, I wouldn't be able to read the book today.

So even though the result is about today, Turkish still uses a past-marked form to show that the whole situation is hypothetical and unreal.

okuyamazdım means I wouldn't be able to read here.

A useful breakdown is:

• oku- = read
• -y- = buffer consonant
• -ama- = not be able to
• -z = aorist-related marker used in this type of form
• -dı = past marker
• -m = I

So the overall meaning is something like:

• okuyamazdım = I could not / would not be able to read

In this sentence, because the condition is hypothetical, the best English match is wouldn't be able to read.

Because okuyamam usually means I can't read or I won't be able to read in a real, non-counterfactual situation.

But okuyamazdım fits the hypothetical meaning:

• okuyamam = I can't / I won't be able to read
• okuyamazdım = I wouldn't be able to read

So the -dı part helps make the result sound unreal or conditional in this sentence.

Because kitabı is a definite/specific direct object.

Breakdown:

• kitap = book
• kitabı = the book

The -ı is the accusative ending, and the final p changes to b before a vowel:

• kitap + ı → kitabı

So kitabı okuyamazdım means I wouldn't be able to read the book.

If you said kitap okuyamazdım, it would sound more general, more like I wouldn't be able to do any book reading / read books.

bankta means on the bench / at the bench.

It is:

• bank = bench
• -ta = in / on / at

The locative suffix has two main shapes:

• -da / -de
• -ta / -te

After a voiceless consonant like k, Turkish uses -ta/-te.

So:

• bank + da does not happen
• bank + ta = bankta

Also, be careful:

• bank = bench
• banka = bank (financial institution)

Turkish word order is flexible, but this sentence uses a very natural order:

• Gözlüğümü = my glasses
• dün = yesterday
• bankta = on the bench
• unutsaydım = if I had forgotten
• bugün = today
• kitabı = the book
• okuyamazdım = I wouldn't be able to read

A common pattern is:

1. conditional clause first
2. main clause second
3. time/place information before the verb

You could move some parts around for emphasis, such as:

• Dün bankta gözlüğümü unutsaydım, bugün kitabı okuyamazdım.

That still works.

Because Turkish often leaves out subject pronouns when they are already clear from the verb ending.

Here, first person singular is already shown in:

• unutsaydım → -m = I
• okuyamazdım → -m = I
• gözlüğüm → my

So adding ben is usually unnecessary unless you want extra emphasis.

Not in this sentence.

Even though -dı often looks past, here it is part of a hypothetical structure. So:

• bugün okuyamam = I can't read today
• bugün okuyamazdım = I wouldn't be able to read today

So the meaning is not simple past time. It is unreal/hypothetical.

Yes. Gözlüğümü dün bankta unutmuş olsaydım is also possible.

That version can sound a bit more explicit or a bit more formal/literary, and it also means:

• if I had forgotten my glasses on the bench yesterday

So:

• unutsaydım
• unutmuş olsaydım

can both work here, but unutsaydım is shorter and very natural.