Arkadaşım her zaman büyük bir nezaketle konuşur ve kimseyi kırmaz.

My friend always speaks with great courtesy and doesn’t hurt anybody.

Breakdown of Arkadaşım her zaman büyük bir nezaketle konuşur ve kimseyi kırmaz.

• bir: a
• benim: my
• arkadaş: the friend
• ve: and
• konuşmak: to speak
• ile: with
• her zaman: always
• büyük: great
• nezaket: the courtesy
• kimse: anybody

Questions & Answers about Arkadaşım her zaman büyük bir nezaketle konuşur ve kimseyi kırmaz.

What does arkadaşım mean, and how is it formed in Turkish?

Arkadaşım means my friend. The base noun arkadaş translates to friend, and the suffix -ım shows possession (indicating my). Note that Turkish doesn’t use articles like a or the, so adding the possessive suffix is the standard way to express this.

How is the phrase büyük bir nezaketle constructed, and what does it mean?

The phrase büyük bir nezaketle consists of the adjective büyük (meaning great or big), the indefinite article bir (equivalent to a), and the noun nezaket (meaning courtesy). The suffix -le attached to nezaket turns the noun into an instrumental adverb, translating as with. Altogether, it means with great courtesy.

What tense are the verbs konuşur and kırmaz, and why is that tense used?

Both konuşur (speaks) and kırmaz (does not hurt/offend) are in the simple present tense. In Turkish, this tense is often used to describe habits or general truths. Here, it indicates that the friend habitually speaks with courtesy and never hurts anyone.

Why is the word kimseyi used in the second clause, and what does it mean?

Kimseyi is the accusative form of kimse, which means nobody or anyone depending on context. In this sentence, it is used in a negative construction to mean anyone (as in does not hurt anyone). The accusative ending -yi marks kimse as the direct object of the verb kırmaz.

How do the clauses in this sentence connect, and what is the role of the conjunction ve?

The two clauses are joined by the conjunction ve, which means and in Turkish. This conjunction connects the two related ideas—that the friend always speaks with great courtesy and never hurts anyone—into one cohesive sentence.

How does the word order in büyük bir nezaketle compare to English?

In Turkish, adjectives and quantitative descriptors like büyük (great) and bir (a) come before the noun nezaket (courtesy), much like in English where we say great courtesy. The key difference is that Turkish expresses with by adding the instrumental suffix -le to nezaket, whereas English uses the preposition with as a separate word.