Jag har alltid en kamera i väskan när vi går ut.

Because in a normal Swedish main clause, the finite verb usually comes in second position. This is often called the V2 rule.

So:

• Jag har alltid en kamera ... = correct
• Jag alltid har en kamera ... = not correct in a normal statement

Here:

• Jag = subject
• har = finite verb
• alltid = adverb

A very common Swedish pattern is:

• subject + finite verb + adverb

For example:

• Jag kommer alltid i tid.
• Hon är ofta trött.
• Vi har aldrig problem.

Har is the present tense of ha, meaning to have.

In Swedish, ha is often used in places where English might say:

• have
• carry
• keep
• bring

So Jag har alltid en kamera i väskan literally means I always have a camera in the bag, but naturally it can imply I always carry a camera in my bag.

If you want to stress the physical act of carrying, Swedish can also use other verbs, but ha is completely normal here.

Because alltid is an adverb, and in Swedish adverbs like this usually come after the finite verb and before the object in a main clause.

So:

• Jag har alltid en kamera ...

not:

• Jag har en kamera alltid ... in normal Swedish

This placement is very common with words like:

• alltid = always
• ofta = often
• aldrig = never
• ibland = sometimes

Examples:

• Jag äter alltid frukost.
• Hon köper ofta kaffe.
• Vi ser aldrig på tv.

Because en kamera means a camera, not the camera.

Swedish uses:

• en kamera = a camera
• kameran = the camera

In this sentence, the speaker is talking about having a camera in general, not a specific camera already identified in the conversation.

So:

• Jag har alltid en kamera i väskan = I always have a camera in the bag/in my bag
• Jag har alltid kameran i väskan = I always have the camera in the bag

The second version sounds like a particular camera is being referred to.

In Swedish, every noun has a grammatical gender, usually called common gender (en-words) or neuter (ett-words).

Kamera is an en-word, so you say:

• en kamera
• kameran

You simply have to learn the gender with the noun. A good habit is to memorize nouns together with their article:

• en kamera
• en väska
• ett hus
• ett äpple

That will help you build correct Swedish more naturally.

Literally, i väskan means in the bag.

But depending on context, it can sometimes be understood as in my bag if it is obvious whose bag is meant.

Here are the possibilities:

• i väskan = in the bag / in the bag we are talking about
• i min väska = in my bag

A learner often expects Swedish to use my here, but Swedish sometimes uses the definite form when the context already makes the reference clear.

Still, if you want to be fully explicit, i min väska is often the safest choice.

Because väskan is the definite singular form of väska.

The forms are:

• en väska = a bag
• väskan = the bag

For many en-words, the definite singular is made by adding -n to the noun:

• en väska → väskan
• en kamera → kameran
• en bil → bilen

So i väskan means in the bag.

Yes, here när means when.

In this sentence, it introduces a time clause:

• när vi går ut = when we go out

It can also have the sense of whenever depending on context. In this sentence, because of alltid, many English speakers would naturally understand it as:

• when we go out
• or whenever we go out

So the idea is that every time we go out, the speaker has a camera in the bag.

Because gå ut is a very common Swedish verb phrase meaning:

• go out
• go outside
• go out socially

The word ut is important here. Without it, vi går usually just means we walk or we are going in a more general sense.

Compare:

• Vi går. = We’re leaving / We’re walking / We’re going
• Vi går ut. = We’re going out

So gå ut works much like English go out.

It depends on context, but in this sentence it most likely means go out in the everyday sense of leaving home or going out somewhere.

It could mean things like:

• going out for the day
• going out socially
• going outside

Because the sentence is about carrying a camera in a bag, it suggests a general routine: whenever we go out, I have a camera with me.

Swedish does not always state possession in the same places English does.

English often says:

• I always have a camera in my bag

Swedish may say either:

• Jag har alltid en kamera i min väska = explicitly in my bag
• Jag har alltid en kamera i väskan = in the bag / possibly understood as my bag from context

So the Swedish sentence can sound a bit less explicit than the most natural English version. That is normal.

Yes. Because Swedish is a V2 language, the finite verb still has to come in second position in the main clause.

So if you begin with the time clause, you get:

• När vi går ut har jag alltid en kamera i väskan.

Notice that it is:

• När vi går ut har jag ...

not:

• När vi går ut jag har ...

This is a very important Swedish word-order pattern.

No, that is not standard Swedish word order.

After a fronted clause like När vi går ut, the main clause must still follow the verb-second rule:

• När vi går ut har jag alltid en kamera i väskan. = correct

The verb har comes before the subject jag because the first position is already occupied by När vi går ut.

This is one of the biggest differences between English and Swedish word order.

Yes, när vi går ut is a subordinate clause.

Inside this clause, the word order is the normal subordinate-clause order:

• när = when
• vi = subject
• går = verb
• ut = particle

If you had an adverb like alltid or inte inside a subordinate clause, Swedish word order would often differ from the main clause. For example:

• ... när vi alltid går ut
• ... när vi inte går ut

So yes, it is a subordinate clause, and that matters in Swedish grammar.