När jag gick upp för snabbt i morse blev jag yr och var tvungen att sitta ner en stund.

Here gå upp means get up or rise, not literally just go up.

Because the sentence says i morse (this morning), the most natural reading is got up this morning, probably from bed. In this kind of context, English might also say stood up too quickly, depending on the situation.

A few related verbs:

• gå upp = get up, rise
• resa sig = stand up, get to one’s feet
• ställa sig upp = stand up

So jag gick upp för snabbt is idiomatic Swedish for getting up too quickly.

This is because Swedish follows the V2 rule in main clauses: the finite verb comes in the second position.

The sentence begins with a time clause:

• När jag gick upp för snabbt i morse = When I got up too quickly this morning

After that whole clause, the main clause starts. Since the first position is already taken by the När... clause, the finite verb of the main clause must come next:

• blev = verb in second position
• jag = subject after the verb

So:

• När jag gick upp för snabbt i morse blev jag yr...

If the sentence started directly with jag, then you would say:

• Jag blev yr...

När introduces a subordinate time clause and means when here.

So:

• När jag gick upp för snabbt i morse = When I got up too quickly this morning

Inside that subordinate clause, the word order is normal:

• jag gick upp = subject + verb + particle

A useful point: när can also mean whenever in other contexts, depending on the sentence.

Here för means too.

So:

• för snabbt = too quickly / too fast

This is a very common use of för before adjectives and adverbs:

• för sent = too late
• för dyr = too expensive
• för långsamt = too slowly

So this för is not the preposition for. It is an adverb meaning too.

I morse is a fixed expression meaning this morning.

It refers specifically to the morning of the current day:

• i morse = this morning

Compare:

• på morgonen = in the morning / in the mornings
• i går morse = yesterday morning

So i morse is the natural choice when talking about something that happened earlier today.

Because the sentence tells a completed story about something that happened earlier today.

The verbs are in the preterite:

• gick = went / got up
• blev = became
• var = was

Swedish often uses the preterite for events that happened at a definite time in the past, especially when that time is stated, as with i morse.

So this is the normal narrative tense for:

• I got up
• I became dizzy
• I had to sit down

Both can often translate as had to, but var tvungen att is very common in past narration and often sounds a bit more like being forced by circumstances.

• var tvungen att sitta ner = was forced to / had to sit down
• måste sätta mig ner = had to / needed to sit down

In this sentence, var tvungen att fits very naturally because the speaker is describing what happened as a result of feeling dizzy.

Also, the structure is very common:

• vara tvungen att + infinitive

For example:

• Jag var tvungen att gå hem. = I had to go home.

Because the subject is the same in both parts, Swedish often leaves it out in the second coordinated clause.

So:

• blev jag yr och var tvungen att sitta ner literally works like:
• I became dizzy and had to sit down

The second jag is understood.

You could also say:

• ...blev jag yr och jag var tvungen att sitta ner

But that repeats the subject and is usually less smooth unless you want extra emphasis.

This is a very good question, because both are related to sit down, but they focus on slightly different things.

• sätta sig (ner) = to sit down, meaning the action of moving into a seated position
• sitta (ner) = to sit, or to be sitting down

In this sentence, en stund (for a while) makes the duration important, so sitta ner en stund sounds natural because it suggests remain seated for a while.

If you wanted to emphasize the moment of lowering yourself into a chair, sätta mig ner would be more likely.

En stund means a while or for a bit.

It refers to a short, indefinite period of time:

• sitta ner en stund = sit down for a while

Very similar expressions are:

• ett tag = a while
• en liten stund = a little while

So en stund is a common, natural way to say that something lasted for a short time.

They are particle verbs: a verb plus a small word such as upp or ner that changes the meaning.

So:

• gå upp = get up / go up
• sitta ner = sit down

In many sentences, the particle stays after the verb:

• jag gick upp
• att sitta ner

This is very common in Swedish, and English has something similar in verbs like get up, sit down, and wake up.

So even though they are written as separate words, they function together as one unit in meaning.

Because tvungen agrees with the subject in the normal predicative adjective pattern.

Here the subject is jag, which takes the singular form:

• jag var tvungen = I had to

Compare:

• barnet var tvunget = the child had to
• vi var tvungna = we had to

So in this sentence, tvungen is the correct form for jag.

Yr is an adjective, and here it means dizzy.

In the sentence:

• blev jag yr

the verb is blev (became), and yr describes the speaker’s state.

This is a very common pattern in Swedish:

• bli + adjective

For example:

• bli trött = become tired
• bli sjuk = become ill
• bli arg = become angry

So blev jag yr literally means became I dizzy, which in natural English is I became dizzy.