La sala pequeña tiene veintisiete butacas azules.

La is the feminine singular definite article, meaning the.

It is used because sala is a feminine singular noun:

• la sala = the room / hall

In Spanish, nouns normally need an article more often than in English, especially in full sentences like this.

In Spanish, descriptive adjectives usually come after the noun, so:

• sala pequeña = small room

That is the most neutral, everyday order.

You can sometimes put the adjective before the noun, as in pequeña sala, but that often sounds more literary, expressive, or stylistically marked. For a basic descriptive sentence, sala pequeña is the normal choice.

Because pequeña has to agree with sala.

In Spanish, adjectives change to match the noun in:

• gender: masculine or feminine
• number: singular or plural

Here:

• sala is feminine singular
• so the adjective must also be feminine singular: pequeña

Compare:

• el salón pequeño
• la sala pequeña
• las salas pequeñas

Ñ is a separate letter in Spanish, not just an n with a mark.

It is pronounced like the ny sound in canyon or onion:

• pequeña ≈ peh-KEH-nya

So n and ñ are different letters and can change the meaning of a word.

Tiene comes from tener, which means to have.

This sentence is talking about what the room contains:

• La sala pequeña tiene veintisiete butacas azules.
• literally: The small room has twenty-seven blue seats.

Why not the others?

• es = is for identity or general characteristics
• está = is for location or state
• hay = there is / there are

You could also say:

• En la sala pequeña hay veintisiete butacas azules.

That means almost the same thing, but the structure is different:

• tiene focuses on what the room has
• hay states that there are some seats in the room

Tiene is the third person singular present tense form of tener.

Full present tense:

• yo tengo
• tú tienes
• él / ella / usted tiene
• nosotros tenemos
• vosotros tenéis
• ellos / ellas / ustedes tienen

In this sentence, the subject is la sala pequeña, which is grammatically third person singular, so the verb is tiene.

Spanish often leaves out subject pronouns because the verb ending already tells you the person and number.

So instead of saying:

• La sala pequeña ella tiene... ❌

you simply say:

• La sala pequeña tiene... ✅

Using ella here would sound unnecessary and unnatural unless you were adding special emphasis or contrast.

In standard Spanish, numbers from 21 to 29 are usually written as single words:

• veintiuno
• veintidós
• veintitrés
• veintisiete

So veintisiete is the normal spelling for 27.

This comes from an older compressed form of veinte y siete. Modern Spanish uses the one-word form.

Because it is plural.

The number veintisiete tells us there are more than one, so the noun must be plural:

• una butaca
• veintisiete butacas

Spanish nouns usually form the plural by adding:

• -s after a vowel
• -es after many consonants

Since butaca ends in a vowel, it becomes butacas.

Butaca usually means a more substantial seat, often something like:

• an armchair
• a theatre/cinema seat
• a padded seat

In a sentence like this, butacas strongly suggests seats in a hall, cinema, theatre, or similar room.

Compared with other words:

• silla = chair
• asiento = seat
• butaca = armchair / auditorium-style seat

So butacas is a more specific and natural choice if the room has rows of fixed or cushioned seats.

Because azules has to agree with butacas, which is plural.

Here:

• butacas = feminine plural
• azules = plural adjective

With colors, some adjectives change and some do not. Azul does change for number:

• butaca azul
• butacas azules

It does not change for gender in this case:

• el asiento azul
• la butaca azul
• los asientos azules
• las butacas azules

Just like pequeña, descriptive adjectives usually come after the noun in Spanish.

So:

• butacas azules = blue seats

This is the normal, neutral order.

You may sometimes see color adjectives before the noun in poetry or very marked styles, but for everyday Spanish, the usual order is noun + adjective.

Because Spanish, like English, places the number directly before the noun:

• veintisiete butacas
• twenty-seven seats

No extra word is needed.

This is the standard pattern:

• dos libros
• cinco mesas
• veintisiete butacas

In most of Spain, z is pronounced with a th sound, like the th in think:

• veintisiete ≈ bein-ti-SYE-te
• azules ≈ a-THU-les

In much of Latin America, the same z is pronounced like an s sound instead.

Since you asked about Spanish from Spain, the th pronunciation is the one to expect in standard Peninsular Spanish.

Yes, Spanish allows some flexibility, but the original order is the most neutral and natural:

• La sala pequeña tiene veintisiete butacas azules.

Other versions are possible in certain contexts, for example:

• La sala pequeña tiene azules veintisiete butacas. ❌ very unnatural
• Veintisiete butacas azules tiene la sala pequeña. possible, but very marked or poetic
• En la sala pequeña hay veintisiete butacas azules. very natural, but different structure

So for normal use, the original sentence is the best pattern to learn.