El lomo de este libro está un poco doblado.

Here lomo means the spine of a book: the part you see on the shelf where the title is often printed.

Outside this context, lomo can also mean loin or back in other situations, so the exact meaning depends on context.

Spanish usually uses the definite article more often than English.

So el lomo de este libro literally means the spine of this book.

In English, you might sometimes say this book’s spine, but Spanish commonly prefers:

• el lomo de este libro

rather than a direct equivalent of this book’s spine.

Spanish normally shows possession with de.

So:

• el lomo de este libro = the spine of this book

English often uses ’s, but Spanish does not. The usual structure is:

• noun + de + possessor

Examples:

• la portada del libro = the cover of the book
• el final de la película = the ending of the film

Este means this, for something close to the speaker.

So:

• este libro = this book
• ese libro = that book
• aquel libro = that book over there / that book farther away

In this sentence, the speaker is referring to this book, so este is the natural choice.

Spanish uses estar for many states or conditions, especially ones seen as temporary or resulting from a change.

So:

• está doblado = it is bent / it is in a bent condition

Using es doblado would sound wrong here.

A helpful idea is:

• ser = what something is
• estar = how something is / what condition it is in

Since the book’s spine is being described as being in a bent state, Spanish uses está.

Doblar means to bend or to fold, and doblado is the past participle, used here like an adjective.

So doblado means:

• bent
• folded
• sometimes creased, depending on context

In this sentence, un poco doblado suggests the spine is slightly bent, not necessarily badly damaged.

Because doblado agrees with lomo, and lomo is masculine singular.

Agreement in Spanish:

• el lomo ... está doblado
• la portada ... está doblada

So the adjective must match the noun it describes:

• masculine singular → doblado
• feminine singular → doblada
• masculine plural → doblados
• feminine plural → dobladas

Un poco means a little or a bit.

So:

• está doblado = it is bent
• está un poco doblado = it is a little bent / slightly bent

It softens the statement and makes it less strong.

Because un poco is modifying the adjective doblado.

Spanish often places this kind of degree expression before an adjective:

• un poco cansado = a little tired
• muy interesante = very interesting
• bastante difícil = quite difficult

So está un poco doblado is the normal word order.

Doblado is natural and clear, especially if the spine is physically bent.

Other possibilities might be:

• torcido = twisted / crooked
• dañado = damaged
• arrugado = wrinkled, though less natural for a spine
• desgastado = worn

The choice depends on the exact problem:

• doblado = bent
• torcido = not straight
• dañado = damaged in a general way

No, the sentence specifically points to the spine because of el lomo.

If you wanted to say the whole book is bent, you would say something like:

• Este libro está un poco doblado.

But here, the damaged part is clearly identified:

• El lomo de este libro...

A Spain Spanish pronunciation would be approximately:

el LO-mo de ES-te LI-bro es-TA un PO-co do-BLA-do

A few useful notes:

• lomo: the stress is on LO
• libro: the stress is on LI
• está: the written accent shows the stress is on TÁ
• doblado: the stress is on BLA

In much of Spain:

• c before e/i sounds like th in think, but there is no c of that type here
• b and v are pronounced very similarly in Spanish

It comes from the verb doblar, but in this sentence it functions as an adjective after estar.

So it describes the condition of the spine:

• está doblado = it is bent

This is very common in Spanish:

• está cerrado = it is closed
• está roto = it is broken
• está abierto = it is open

So even though doblado is historically a past participle, here it works like an adjective.