Quiero sacar un aprobado en el examen de español.

Quiero is the 1st person singular present tense of querer, so it means I want.

The pattern is:

querer + infinitive

So:

Quiero sacar... = I want to get / I want to score...

This is very common in Spanish:

• Quiero estudiar. = I want to study.
• Quiero aprobar. = I want to pass.

Also, querer is a stem-changing verb:

• quiero
• quieres
• quiere but
• queremos
• queréis
• quieren

Yes, sacar often means to take out or to remove, but it also has other common meanings. In the context of exams, grades, and results, sacar often means:

• to get
• to obtain
• to score

So:

sacar un aprobado = to get a pass sacar buena nota = to get a good grade sacar un diez = to get a 10

This use is very normal in Spain when talking about marks and academic results.

Aprobado can be both:

• a past participle/adjective meaning passed/approved
• a noun meaning a pass mark or a passing grade

In this sentence, it is a noun.

So un aprobado means:

• a pass
• a passing grade

In Spain’s grading system, aprobado usually refers to a mark that is good enough to pass, often around 5/10 or above.

Compare:

• He aprobado el examen. = I have passed the exam.
  Here aprobado is part of the verb aprobar.
• He sacado un aprobado. = I got a pass.
  Here aprobado is a noun.

Because aprobado is being used as a countable noun here.

Spanish often uses an article where English might use none or a different structure.
So:

• sacar un aprobado = to get a pass
• sacar un notable = to get a good mark
• sacar un sobresaliente = to get an outstanding grade

The article shows that you are talking about one result/grade.

Yes, absolutely. That is probably the most direct and natural alternative.

• Quiero aprobar el examen de español. = I want to pass the Spanish exam.
• Quiero sacar un aprobado en el examen de español. = I want to get a pass in the Spanish exam.

The difference is small, but the focus changes a bit:

• aprobar el examen focuses on passing
• sacar un aprobado focuses on the grade/result obtained

In many situations, aprobar el examen is simpler and more common for learners to use.

Aprobar is the verb: to pass or to approve.

Examples:

• Quiero aprobar. = I want to pass.
• Aprobé el examen. = I passed the exam.

Aprobado can be:

1. the past participle of aprobar
2. a noun meaning a pass

Examples:

• He aprobado. = I have passed.
• Saqué un aprobado. = I got a pass.

So in your sentence:

• sacar is the main verb
• un aprobado is the thing being obtained

Because en here means in/on the exam, referring to the context where the result happens.

• sacar un aprobado en el examen = to get a pass in the exam

Using del examen would suggest of/from the exam, which is not the usual way to express this idea in Spanish.

Compare:

• Saqué un aprobado en matemáticas. = I got a pass in maths.
• Saqué un aprobado en el examen final. = I got a pass in the final exam.

So en is the natural preposition with results in a subject, test, or activity.

In most contexts, el examen de español means the Spanish exam, that is, the exam for the subject Spanish.

The structure noun + de + subject/topic is very common:

• clase de español = Spanish class
• libro de historia = history book
• examen de matemáticas = maths exam

So here de español tells you what subject the exam is about.

Depending on context, it could theoretically mean different things, but in normal use it is understood as the exam in Spanish as a subject.

It sounds especially natural in Spain, yes.

The phrase sacar un aprobado is very typical of Spain because of how school grades are often talked about there:

• suspenso
• aprobado
• notable
• sobresaliente

In Latin America, people may be more likely to say things like:

• Quiero pasar el examen de español.
• Quiero aprobar el examen de español.
• Quiero sacar una nota aprobatoria. in some contexts

So the sentence is correct and natural, but it has a distinctly Spain-oriented academic feel.

Yes. In Spain, several grade terms can be used this way after sacar.

For example:

• sacar un suspenso = to fail / get a failing grade
• sacar un aprobado = to get a pass
• sacar un notable = to get a good grade
• sacar un sobresaliente = to get an excellent grade

So the pattern is very productive:

• Quiero sacar un notable en el examen.
• Saqué un sobresaliente en inglés.

This is one reason sacar is so common in school-related Spanish in Spain.

Because Spanish expresses this idea differently. To talk about success in an exam, Spanish normally uses:

• aprobar = to pass
• sacar un aprobado = to get a passing grade

English and Spanish do not always build exam expressions in the same way.
English says:

• pass an exam
• get a pass

Spanish says:

• aprobar un examen
• sacar un aprobado

So it is best to learn these as natural Spanish patterns, rather than translating word for word from English.

The sentence is natural, especially in Spain, but a native speaker might also say:

• Quiero aprobar el examen de español.
• Quiero sacar al menos un aprobado en el examen de español.
• Quiero sacar buena nota en el examen de español.

Your original sentence sounds fine, but sacar un aprobado can sound slightly specific, as if the goal is simply to pass, not necessarily to do very well.

So:

• if you want to say I just want to pass, this sentence works very well
• if you want to say I want to do well, another phrase like sacar buena nota may fit better