Here demasiado is acting as an adverb meaning too, so it does not change form.
It modifies the adjective distraída, not a noun.
Compare that with demasiada as an adjective, which does agree with a noun:
This structure means something like too ... to ... or enough ... to ..., depending on context.
With demasiado, it gives the idea of excess:
It is a very common Spanish structure:
So como para does not mean a literal like for here. It is a fixed grammatical pattern.
Yes, in many cases Spanish speakers do say that, and it can sound natural:
But demasiado ... como para ... is also very common and often sounds a bit more complete or emphatic.
So:
Both are possible, but the version with como para is especially common in this kind of sentence.
A la primera is an idiomatic expression meaning on the first try, the first time, or straight away.
In this sentence, it means understanding the graph immediately, without needing a second attempt or extra explanation.
You can also hear it in other situations:
It is a very useful everyday expression.
Because entender normally takes a direct object in Spanish.
You understand something, so Spanish says:
No preposition is needed here. This is similar to English understand the graph.
Yes. Spanish allows fairly flexible word order, especially with time expressions.
These are all possible:
The version with hoy at the beginning is very natural because it sets the time frame right away and slightly highlights today.
It can cover graph, chart, or sometimes a similar visual representation, depending on context.
In real usage, the exact English equivalent often depends on what kind of image you are talking about:
Spanish may use gráfico for several of these. In some contexts, you may also hear gráfica, especially in maths or statistics. The sentence as written is perfectly natural, and the exact English label depends on the situation rather than on the grammar.
The accent mark shows the stress and also helps mark the vowel pattern.
In distraída, the stress falls on í:
Without the accent, Spanish spelling rules would suggest a different pronunciation. The accented í helps show that aí is pronounced in separate syllables.
This same kind of accent appears in words like:
Because the stress falls on the third-to-last syllable:
Words stressed on the third-to-last syllable are called esdrújulas, and they always take a written accent in Spanish.
So gráfico must have the accent mark.