Cuando estoy enfadado, respiro hondo y luego escucho música.

When I am angry, I take a deep breath and then I listen to music.

Breakdown of Cuando estoy enfadado, respiro hondo y luego escucho música.

• yo: I
• la música: the music
• estar: to be
• cuando: when
• escuchar: to listen
• y: and
• luego: then
• .: period
• ,: comma
• enfadado: angry
• respirar hondo: to take a deep breath

Questions & Answers about Cuando estoy enfadado, respiro hondo y luego escucho música.

Why is it estoy enfadado and not soy enfadado?

Spanish uses estar for temporary states, moods, and conditions, and ser for more permanent characteristics.

• Estoy enfadado = I am angry (right now / in this situation) – a temporary emotional state.
• Soy enfadado is normally incorrect; it would sound like “I am a naturally angry person” and even then, a native speaker would say something like Soy una persona muy enfadica / muy irritable, not soy enfadado.

So in this sentence, the speaker is talking about what they do when they feel angry in specific moments, so estar is the right verb.

What is the difference between enfadado and other Spanish words for “angry”, like enojado or cabreado?

All three relate to being angry, but they vary by region and strength:

• Enfadado

  • Very common and neutral in Spain.
  • Means angry, upset, annoyed (strength can vary with context and tone).

• Enojado

  • Much more common in Latin America.
  • In Spain it’s understood but sounds more Latin-American.

• Cabreado

  • Mostly used in Spain.
  • Stronger and more colloquial: closer to really pissed off or very annoyed.

So in a Spain context, enfadado is a natural, neutral choice for “angry” here.

If the speaker is a woman, should it be enfadada instead of enfadado?

Yes. Enfadado is an adjective and must agree with the gender and number of the subject:

• Man: Estoy enfadado.
• Woman: Estoy enfadada.
• Group of men / mixed group: Estamos enfadados.
• Group of women: Estamos enfadadas.

So the full sentence for a female speaker would be:

• Cuando estoy enfadada, respiro hondo y luego escucho música.

Why is the verb after cuando in the present indicative (estoy) instead of the subjunctive (esté)?

With cuando, Spanish uses:

• Indicative when we talk about:

  • Habits / general truths:
    
    • Cuando estoy enfadado, respiro hondo. = Whenever I’m angry, I (normally) take a deep breath.
  • Past events:
    
    • Cuando estaba enfadado, respiraba hondo.

• Subjunctive when we talk about:

  • Future events that haven’t happened yet (often with a future main verb):
    
    • Cuando esté enfadado, respiraré hondo. = When I get angry (in the future), I will take a deep breath.

In your sentence, the speaker describes a regular habit, so the present indicative (estoy, respiro, escucho) is correct.

Why is there no subject pronoun yo (it’s not Cuando yo estoy enfadado…)?

Spanish usually omits subject pronouns when the verb ending already shows who the subject is.

• Estoy can only be yo in this tense, so yo is understood.
• Saying Cuando estoy enfadado… is natural and normal.
• Adding yo is only needed for emphasis or contrast:
  • Cuando yo estoy enfadado, respiro hondo, pero cuando él está enfadado, grita.

So the subject pronoun is dropped because it’s redundant in normal speech.

What does respiro hondo literally mean, and why is hondo used instead of something like profundamente?

Literally:

• Respiro = I breathe
• Hondo = deep

So respiro hondo is literally “I breathe deep” and idiomatically “I take a deep breath”.

Why hondo?

• Respirar hondo is a very common fixed expression in Spanish.
• Grammatically, hondo is an adjective meaning deep, but in this set phrase it functions like an adverb, describing how you breathe.
• You can say respiro profundamente (I breathe deeply), which is correct and a bit more formal, but respiro hondo is the everyday, natural way to say it.

Is the h in hondo pronounced?

No. In standard Spanish:

• h is silent at the beginning of words:
  
  • hondo, hola, hombre, hacer, hasta → the h is not pronounced.
• So hondo is pronounced like [ˈondo] (roughly “ondo” in English spelling).

Only the combination ch has a sound (like in chico), but a single initial h is silent.

What exactly does luego mean here, and how is it different from después or entonces?

In this sentence, luego means “then / afterwards” and marks the second step in a sequence:

• respiro hondo → first
• luego escucho música → then/after that

Differences:

• luego

  • Very common for “then / afterwards” in sequences.
  • Slightly more informal/neutral in everyday speech.

• después

  • Also means “afterwards / later”.
  • Often interchangeable with luego here:
    
    • …respiro hondo y después escucho música.

• entonces

  • Often means “then” but more in the sense of logical consequence or narrative continuation:
    
    • Estaba muy enfadado, entonces respiré hondo. = I was very angry, so then I took a deep breath.
  • You can say y entonces escucho música, but it adds a bit more of a story-like or causal feel.

In your sentence, luego is a very natural choice to show simple time sequence.

Why is it escucho música and not escucho la música?

In Spanish, when talking about something in general (not a specific instance), you often omit the article:

• Escucho música. = I listen to music (in general, not a specific piece or playlist).
• Escucho la música. would usually refer to specific music already known from context:
  • For example, the music that is playing right now:
    
    • Escucho la música (que está sonando).

Since the sentence talks about a habitual coping strategy (I listen to music as a general activity), the version without the article is correct and natural: escucho música.

What is the difference between escuchar and oír?

Both relate to hearing, but:

• Oír = to hear (the physical act, often passive or accidental)

  • Oigo música desde mi ventana. = I hear music from my window.

• Escuchar = to listen to (active, intentional)

  • Escucho música. = I listen to music (on purpose).

In your sentence, the speaker deliberately uses music to calm down, so the intentional verb escuchar is exactly right.

Also note:

• With música, you normally say escuchar música (no preposition).
• You use escuchar a with people: escucho a mi amigo.

Could I say Cuando me enfado, respiro hondo… instead of Cuando estoy enfadado…? Is there a difference?

Both are correct, but they focus on slightly different moments:

• Cuando me enfado, respiro hondo…

  • Me enfado = I get angry (the moment you become angry).
  • Focuses on what you do at the moment you start to get angry.

• Cuando estoy enfadado, respiro hondo…

  • Estoy enfadado = I am angry (the state of being angry).
  • Focuses on what you do while you are already in that emotional state.

In practice, both could be used to describe a similar habit, but the original sentence describes your behavior during the state of anger rather than the exact moment where it begins.

Is the comma after Cuando estoy enfadado necessary? Could I change the word order?

Yes, the comma is standard and the word order can be changed:

1. Cuando estoy enfadado, respiro hondo y luego escucho música.

   • Subordinate clause first → main clause.
   • In Spanish, when a subordinate clause like cuando estoy enfadado comes before the main clause, you normally put a comma after it.

2. Respiro hondo y luego escucho música cuando estoy enfadado.

   • Main clause first → subordinate clause.
   • Here, the comma is usually not needed.

Both versions are grammatically correct. The original order (starting with Cuando…) emphasizes the condition (when I’m angry), while the second emphasizes the actions first (I breathe deep and listen to music when…).

How would this sentence change for plural subjects, like “we” or “they”?

You need to change both the verb forms and the adjective agreement:

• We (mixed group or all men):

  • Cuando estamos enfadados, respiramos hondo y luego escuchamos música.

• We (all women):

  • Cuando estamos enfadadas, respiramos hondo y luego escuchamos música.

• They (mixed group or all men):

  • Cuando están enfadados, respiran hondo y luego escuchan música.

• They (all women):

  • Cuando están enfadadas, respiran hondo y luego escuchan música.

So both the verb endings (estoy → estamos / están, respiro → respiramos / respiran, escucho → escuchamos / escuchan) and the adjective (enfadado → enfadados / enfadadas) must agree with the new subject.