Learn Hardcore Spanish (Spain): Me dieron un jarabe para la tos y una cita en la consulta. - They gave me a syrup for the cough and an appointment at the doctor’s office.

It literally means They gave me. Spanish often omits the subject when it’s obvious or unimportant.
Here they is an indefinite 3rd‑person plural referring to the medical staff/clinic. It’s like saying I was given in English.

Why is the pronoun me necessary?

With dar (to give), the recipient is an indirect object and Spanish requires the clitic: dar algo a alguien → me dieron un jarabe.
For emphasis you can add a mí: A mí me dieron…, but you cannot drop me.

Why the preterite dieron instead of han dado?

Me dieron presents a completed past event.
In Spain, Me han dado is also common for something that happened today or is still relevant. Both can be fine, depending on time frame and regional preference.

Is un jarabe the best way to say cough syrup? Could I say just jarabe?

Un jarabe (para la tos) points to a specific product/bottle. Jarabe (para la tos) without the article is also fine when you mean the substance in general.
For food syrups, use sirope; for medicines, jarabe.

Why para la tos and not por la tos?

Para expresses purpose: it’s intended to treat the cough.
Por la tos would mean because of the cough (cause), not intended use. You may also hear contra la tos (against cough).

Why does it say la tos (with article), and is tos feminine?

Yes, tos is feminine: la tos.
Ailments often take the article in noun phrases (jarabe para la tos), but after tener you usually omit it: tengo tos.

Does una cita mean a romantic date here?

No. In healthcare, cita means an appointment.
Common collocations: pedir/tener/dar cita. In Latin America you’ll also hear sacar una cita or turno (e.g., Argentina).

Is it better to say me dieron cita or me dieron una cita?

Both are correct. In Spain, me dieron cita (no article) is very common and slightly more idiomatic; me dieron una cita is also fine.

What exactly does en la consulta mean?

In Spain, la consulta can mean the doctor’s office/room or the consultation session itself. So una cita en la consulta ≈ an appointment at the practice/office.
Alternatives: una cita con el médico, en el centro de salud, or specify: en la consulta del pediatra.

Could I say una cita para la consulta?

It sounds redundant (an appointment for the appointment). Prefer en la consulta, con el médico, or use time/location: para el lunes / a las 10.

Do I need to repeat the verb before the second item? (Me dieron… y [me dieron] una cita…)

No. Coordinating two objects with one verb is normal: Me dieron un jarabe… y una cita… is fine.
You could repeat it for emphasis or clarity, but it’s not required.

Where do pronouns go? Could I say dieronme?

Clitic pronouns go before a conjugated verb: me dieron.
Enclisis (darme, dándome, dame) is only with infinitives, gerunds, and affirmative commands. Dieronme is not used in modern Spanish.

How would I replace the objects with pronouns?

Replace un jarabe: Me lo dieron.
Replace una cita: Me la dieron.
Referring back to both together, use masculine plural by default: Me los dieron.

What’s the difference between me dieron and me daban?

Any Spain‑specific pronunciation tips for these words?

jarabe: j like a harsh h ; stress on ra → ha‑RA‑be.
cita: c before i is th in most of Spain → THI‑ta.
consulta: stress on sul → con‑SUL‑ta. dieron: DYE‑ron. tos: short, like English toss.

Does me dieron imply they physically handed me the syrup, or could it be a prescription?

Me dieron un jarabe usually implies they dispensed/handed it to you. If it was prescribed, say me recetaron un jarabe. Both can co‑occur with getting an appointment: … y me dieron/recetaron un jarabe y me dieron cita.

Why is it y and not e before una?

y changes to e only before a word that starts with the i sound (i‑/hi‑): padres e hijos.
Since una starts with u, you keep y: … jarabe … y una cita ….