Хотя почва ещё влажная, я всё равно проверю, не вянет ли орхидея у окна.

Хотя means although or even though. It introduces a concessive clause: something is true, but the main action happens anyway.

So:

• Хотя почва ещё влажная = Although the soil is still moist
• я всё равно проверю... = I’ll check anyway...

This structure is very common in Russian:

• Хотя X, Y
• Although X, Y

A comma is normally used after the Хотя-clause.

Почва literally means soil. In this sentence it sounds a bit more precise or slightly more formal than земля.

For a potted plant, Russian speakers might say either:

• почва = soil, growing medium
• земля = earth/soil/dirt

Here, почва fits well because the sentence sounds a little careful or observant, almost like someone checking plant conditions.

Grammatically:

• почва is feminine singular
• that is why the adjective is влажная and not some other form

Ещё here means still.

So:

• почва ещё влажная = the soil is still moist

This is a very common use of ещё with states that continue up to the present moment.

Compare:

• Он ещё спит. = He is still sleeping.
• Вода ещё тёплая. = The water is still warm.

So in this sentence, the speaker is noticing that the soil has not dried out yet.

Всё равно means all the same, anyway, or nevertheless.

Here it shows that the speaker will do the action despite what was just said:

• Хотя почва ещё влажная, я всё равно проверю...
• Although the soil is still moist, I’ll check anyway.

This is a very common Russian expression. It often appears after a contrast:

• Поздно, но я всё равно пойду. = It’s late, but I’ll go anyway.
• Он не хочет, а я всё равно спрошу. = He doesn’t want to, but I’ll ask anyway.

Проверю is the perfective future form of проверить. It means a single completed action in the future: I will check.

Why perfective here?

Because the speaker means one concrete act of checking, not an ongoing process or repeated behavior.

Compare:

• проверю = I’ll check once / I’ll make sure
• буду проверять = I’ll be checking / I’ll check repeatedly or over a period of time
• проверяю = I am checking / I check

So я всё равно проверю is the natural choice for I’ll check anyway.

Because the speaker will check in the future whether the orchid is wilting at that time. Russian often uses present tense in this kind of subordinate clause when referring to a state or process that is current at the moment of checking.

So:

• я проверю = I will check
• не вянет ли орхидея = whether the orchid is wilting

This is normal. English does something similar:

• I’ll check whether the orchid is wilting.

Russian does not need a future form there unless you specifically mean a future state relative to the checking.

This is one of the most common questions learners ask.

In Russian, after verbs like check, see, find out, ask oneself, it is very common to use не + verb + ли in an indirect yes/no question.

So:

• проверю, не вянет ли орхидея = I’ll check whether the orchid is wilting

The не here does not necessarily mean the speaker expects the answer no. It is often just part of the standard Russian pattern for indirect checking-type questions.

Compare:

• Посмотри, не идёт ли дождь. = Check whether it’s raining.
• Спроси, не готов ли ужин. = Ask whether dinner is ready.
• Я проверю, не забыл ли я ключи. = I’ll check whether I forgot my keys.

So this structure is very idiomatic and important to learn as a whole.

Ли normally comes after the word it is attached to, and in indirect yes/no questions it often follows the finite verb.

So:

• не вянет ли орхидея not
• не ли вянет орхидея

This is the usual pattern:

• Я не знаю, придёт ли он. = I don’t know whether he’ll come.
• Посмотри, открыт ли магазин. = Check whether the store is open.
• Спроси, можно ли войти. = Ask whether it’s possible to come in.

In your sentence, ли marks the clause as an indirect yes/no question: whether the orchid is wilting.

У takes the genitive case, so:

• окно = window
• у окна = by the window / near the window

This does not mean on the window. It means the orchid is located near it, probably standing beside it or on a surface next to it.

Common uses of у + genitive:

• у дома = by the house
• у двери = by the door
• у окна = by the window

So орхидея у окна means the orchid by the window.

Russian word order is flexible, but this order is natural and neutral.

• не вянет ли орхидея у окна puts the main focus first on the condition being checked: is it wilting?
• орхидея у окна then identifies which plant

Other word orders are possible, but they can change the emphasis:

• не вянет ли у окна орхидея might sound like you are emphasizing the location
• не орхидея ли вянет у окна would mean something more like is it the orchid by the window that is wilting?, which is a different focus

So the original word order is the most straightforward one.

Because it is a subordinate clause attached to the main verb проверю.

Structure:

• Хотя почва ещё влажная = subordinate concessive clause
• я всё равно проверю = main clause
• не вянет ли орхидея у окна = subordinate indirect question

Russian punctuation separates these clauses with commas. So there are two commas:

1. after влажная
2. after проверю

This is standard Russian clause punctuation.

Yes. Орхидея is the subject of вянет.

Grammatically:

• орхидея is feminine singular nominative
• вянет is 3rd person singular present tense
• they agree in number: singular

So the structure is:

• орхидея вянет = the orchid is wilting

Inside the indirect question, it becomes:

• не вянет ли орхидея = whether the orchid is wilting

Yes. The original sentence is perfectly natural, but a speaker might also say things like:

• Хотя земля ещё влажная, я всё равно проверю, не вянет ли орхидея у окна.
• Почва ещё влажная, но я всё равно проверю, не вянет ли орхидея у окна.
• Хотя земля ещё сырая, я всё равно посмотрю, не вянет ли орхидея у окна.

Some notes:

• но = but, instead of хотя
• посмотрю can sometimes sound a little more everyday than проверю
• земля may sound more casual than почва

But the original sentence is grammatically correct and natural.