Летом я часто ношу майку и шорты дома.

In Russian, the names of the seasons are often used in the instrumental case without a preposition to mean in summer / in winter / in spring / in autumn:

• летом = in summer
• зимой = in winter
• весной = in spring
• осенью = in autumn

So Летом simply means In summer or During the summer.

This is a very common pattern. A literal preposition-based version like в лето would not sound natural here.

Ношу comes from носить, which here means to wear in the sense of wear regularly / habitually.

So:

• я ношу майку и шорты = I wear a tank top and shorts / I often wear...
• я надеваю майку и шорты = I put on a tank top and shorts

That is the main difference:

• носить = to wear
• надевать / надеть = to put on

As for одевать, that usually means to dress someone:

• одевать ребёнка = to dress a child

In everyday speech, some native speakers blur надевать and одевать, but learners should keep the standard distinction.

Ношу is the 1st person singular present tense of the imperfective verb носить.

Here it expresses a habitual action:

• Летом я часто ношу... = In summer I often wear...

So the sentence is not mainly about what the speaker is wearing right now. It is about a general habit.

If you wanted to say that you put the clothes on, you would use a different verb:

• Я надел майку и шорты. = I put on a tank top and shorts.

If you wanted to say what you are wearing at this moment, Russian often uses a different structure:

• Я сейчас в майке и шортах. = I’m in a tank top and shorts right now.

Both words are the direct objects of ношу, so they are in the accusative case.

• майка is a feminine singular noun.
  • nominative: майка
  • accusative: майку

So ношу майку is exactly what we expect.

• шорты is a plural noun.
  • nominative plural: шорты
  • accusative plural for inanimate nouns: шорты

Because шорты is inanimate, its accusative plural looks the same as its nominative plural.

So:

• ношу майку
• ношу шорты

No. Шорты is normally a plural-only noun in Russian, similar to words like:

• брюки = trousers/pants
• джинсы = jeans
• ножницы = scissors

So even if English says a pair of shorts, Russian simply uses шорты as a plural noun.

That is why the sentence has:

• майку = singular
• шорты = plural

Дома is a very common adverb meaning at home.

So:

• дома = at home
• домой = home, to home, homeward
• в доме = in the house/building

In this sentence, the meaning is at home, so дома is the natural choice.

Compare:

• Я сижу дома. = I’m sitting at home.
• Я иду домой. = I’m going home.
• Я в доме. = I’m in the house (emphasis on the building itself)

Yes. Russian often drops personal pronouns when the verb already makes the subject clear.

Since ношу already means I wear, you could say:

• Летом часто ношу майку и шорты дома.

That is perfectly natural.

Including я is also fine. It can make the sentence a little clearer, more explicit, or slightly more contrastive:

• Летом я часто ношу... = In summer, I often wear...

In textbook-style examples, pronouns are often included even when real conversation might omit them.

Russian word order is fairly flexible. The sentence as given is neutral and natural:

• Летом я часто ношу майку и шорты дома.

But other orders are also possible, with different emphasis:

• Дома я часто ношу майку и шорты летом.
  This puts more focus on at home.

• Майку и шорты я часто ношу дома летом.
  This highlights the clothes.

• Летом я дома часто ношу майку и шорты.
  Also possible, with a slightly different rhythm.

So the meaning stays similar, but the emphasis shifts. For learners, the original version is a good neutral model.

Not exactly. Майка usually means a tank top, undershirt, or sleeveless top.

A standard T-shirt is usually:

• футболка

So:

• майка = tank top / sleeveless shirt
• футболка = T-shirt

Depending on context, English translations may vary a bit, but майка is generally not the same as футболка.

Not always, but putting часто before the verb is very common and natural:

• я часто ношу = I often wear

Russian adverbs are flexible, but some positions sound more neutral than others. In this sentence, часто before ношу is the most straightforward choice.

You may also hear other placements in real speech, but for a learner, я часто ношу... is the best basic pattern to remember.