После прогулки мы ели дыню и персики на кухне и обсуждали планы на выходные.

Because после requires the genitive case.

• Dictionary form: прогулка = walk
• Genitive singular: прогулки

So:

• после прогулки = after the walk

This is a very common pattern in Russian:

• после урока = after the lesson
• после работы = after work
• после ужина = after dinner

Both words are in the accusative case because they are the direct objects of ели (ate), but they change differently.

1. дыня → дыню

дыня is a feminine singular noun, and feminine singular nouns often change in the accusative:

• nominative: дыня
• accusative: дыню

2. персики → персики

персики is a plural inanimate noun. For inanimate plural nouns, the accusative usually looks the same as the nominative:

• nominative plural: персики
• accusative plural: персики

So the sentence uses:

• ели дыню
• ели персики

Because на can take different cases depending on the meaning.

на кухне

This means in the kitchen in the sense of location, so it uses the prepositional case:

• кухня → на кухне

на выходные

This means for the weekend, which is a common time expression in Russian. Here на takes the accusative:

• выходные is already plural, and in this expression it stays выходные

So:

• на кухне = location
• на выходные = time period / for the weekend

Even though both use на, the case depends on the function of the phrase.

They are in the past tense plural because the subject is мы (we).

In Russian past tense:

• masculine singular: ел, обсуждал
• feminine singular: ела, обсуждала
• neuter singular: ело, обсуждало
• plural: ели, обсуждали

Since the subject is мы, Russian uses the plural forms:

• мы ели
• мы обсуждали

Unlike English, Russian past tense agrees with the subject in number and, in the singular, also in gender.

Because the sentence is describing what was happening after the walk, not emphasizing the completed result.

Imperfective here:

• ели = were eating / ate
• обсуждали = were discussing / discussed

These forms fit a scene-setting, descriptive meaning: they were sitting in the kitchen, eating fruit, and talking about weekend plans.

Perfective would sound different:

• съели = ate up / finished eating
• обсудили = finished discussing

If you used the perfective verbs, the sentence would focus more on completion:

• После прогулки мы съели дыню и персики... = After the walk, we ate up the melon and peaches...
• ...и обсудили планы на выходные = ...and finished discussing the weekend plans

So the imperfective is natural if the sentence is just narrating the activity.

No, Russian word order is fairly flexible, although some orders sound more neutral than others.

The given sentence is a normal, neutral order:

• После прогулки мы ели дыню и персики на кухне и обсуждали планы на выходные.

You could move parts around for emphasis, for example:

• Мы после прогулки ели дыню и персики на кухне...
• На кухне мы после прогулки ели дыню и персики...

These versions are still grammatical, but the emphasis shifts slightly.

English relies more on word order for basic meaning. Russian relies more on case endings, so word order can be used more freely for style, topic, and emphasis.

Russian normally uses планы in the plural when talking about what someone intends to do.

• обсуждать планы на выходные = discuss plans for the weekend

This is very natural Russian, just like English often says plans.

You might see singular in a different context, but here plural is the normal choice because weekends usually involve more than one idea, arrangement, or activity.

Because the sentence has two verbs with the same subject:

• мы ели
• (мы) обсуждали

They are joined by и and form a simple coordinated structure, so normally no comma is needed:

• Мы ели ... и обсуждали ...

Russian does use commas a lot, but not before every и. Here it works like English in a sentence such as:

• We ate fruit and discussed our plans.

No comma is needed there either.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Russian does not have articles like a and the, so после прогулки could be understood as:

• after a walk
• after the walk

The broader context tells you which one sounds more natural in English.

This is very common in Russian: the noun itself usually does not show whether something is definite or indefinite.

They are related, but not always identical.

на выходные

Usually means for the weekend:

• making plans for that upcoming time
• arranging something to happen over the weekend

Example:

• планы на выходные = plans for the weekend

в выходные

Usually means on the weekend / during the weekend

Example:

• В выходные мы поедем за город. = On the weekend we’ll go out of town.

So in this sentence, планы на выходные is the standard expression for weekend plans.

It can be either, depending on context.

Russian often leaves this kind of definiteness unstated:

• ели дыню и персики

This could mean:

• they were eating some melon and some peaches
• they were eating the melon and the peaches
• they were eating melon and peaches as foods

Again, Russian does not use articles, so the exact English choice depends on context.

Here are the main noun forms:

• прогулки → dictionary form прогулка
• дыню → dictionary form дыня
• персики → dictionary form персик (singular), персики (plural)
• кухне → dictionary form кухня
• планы → dictionary form план
• выходные is usually used in the plural when meaning the weekend / weekends

This is useful because Russian words often appear in changed forms in real sentences, so learners need to recognize the underlying dictionary form.

Yes. In Russian, выходные is grammatically plural.

So Russian says things like:

• на выходные = for the weekend
• в выходные = on the weekend
• какие у тебя планы на выходные? = what are your plans for the weekend?

This is similar to some English expressions that are plural in form but can refer to one time period, such as the holidays in some contexts.