Questions & Answers about Если у меня будет время, я смогу позвонить тебе позже.
Если means “if” and introduces a hypothetical or uncertain condition. You use если when you’re not sure the condition will happen (e.g. “if I have time”).
Когда means “when” and implies the speaker expects the event to happen for sure (“when I have time”). Switching to когда would sound like you’re certain you’ll find the time.
Будет is the future tense of “to be.” Here you’re talking about a possible future moment (“if at that future moment I have time”).
If you said Если у меня есть время, you’d be talking about conditions in the present or in general (e.g. “if I have time now/in general”).
In Russian, possession is expressed with у + [person in genitive] + есть (or its future/past forms) plus the thing in nominative.
So у меня (lit. “by me,” genitive of “я”) + будет + время (nominative) = “I will have time.”