Ea economisește pentru vacanță, deși salariul ei nu este mare.

That’s right: Romanian often omits subject pronouns because the verb ending already shows the person.

• economisește already means he/she saves
• So Economisește pentru vacanță can already mean She is saving for vacation

Here, ea is included for one of these common reasons:

• emphasis: She is the one saving
• contrast: maybe someone else is not saving, but she is
• clarity in context

So:

• Ea economisește pentru vacanță = She is saving for vacation
• Economisește pentru vacanță = also correct, just less explicit

economisește is the 3rd person singular present tense of the verb a economisi = to save (money), to economize.

In this sentence it means:

• ea economisește = she saves / she is saving

A few present-tense forms of a economisi:

• eu economisesc = I save
• tu economisești = you save
• el/ea economisește = he/she saves
• noi economisim = we save
• voi economisiți = you all save
• ei/ele economisesc = they save

Romanian present tense can often translate as either:

• she saves
• she is saving

depending on context.

A rough English-friendly pronunciation is:

e-ko-no-mi-ZEHSH-te

More carefully, Romanian șt sounds like sht.

So:

• economisește ≈ eh-ko-no-mi-ZHESH-teh

A few pronunciation notes:

• ș = sh
• ește often sounds like esh-te
• Romanian vowels are usually pronounced clearly, not reduced as much as in English

pentru vacanță is a very natural way to say for vacation / for a vacation in a general sense.

It means she is saving for the purpose of taking a vacation, without focusing on one specific vacation.

Compare:

• pentru vacanță = for vacation / for a holiday trip in general
• pentru o vacanță = for a vacation, one vacation
• pentru vacanța din vară = for the summer vacation, a specific one

So the version in your sentence is broad and natural.

deși means although / even though.

It introduces a concession: one fact is true despite another fact.

In your sentence:

• Ea economisește pentru vacanță, deși salariul ei nu este mare.
• She is saving for vacation, although her salary is not high.

This structure is very common:

• main clause + deși
  • subordinate clause

Examples:

• Deși este obosită, lucrează. = Although she is tired, she works.
• Iese, deși plouă. = He/She goes out, although it’s raining.

In Romanian, subordinate clauses introduced by words like deși are normally separated by a comma.

So this is standard:

• Ea economisește pentru vacanță, deși salariul ei nu este mare.

And if the deși clause comes first, it is also followed by a comma:

• Deși salariul ei nu este mare, ea economisește pentru vacanță.

This is similar to English punctuation with although clauses.

Romanian usually expresses possession here with:

• the noun in the definite form
• followed by the possessive word

So:

• salariul = the salary
• ei = her
• salariul ei = her salary

This word order is normal in Romanian.

Compare:

• casa mea = my house
• mașina lui = his car
• salariul ei = her salary

So Romanian often says something closer to the salary of hers, though in natural English we translate it as her salary.

Here, ei is a possessive form meaning her.

In this sentence:

• salariul ei = her salary

Be careful: ei can also mean to her or hers/they (fem.) in other contexts, but here the meaning is clearly possessive because it follows the noun.

So in this sentence:

• ei does not mean she
• it means her

salariul is the definite form of salariu (salary).

Romanian attaches the definite article to the end of the noun:

• salariu = salary
• salariul = the salary

With a following possessive, Romanian normally uses this definite form:

• salariul ei = her salary
• prietenul meu = my friend
• cartea ta = your book

So salariul ei is the normal Romanian way to say her salary.

Yes, both are correct.

• nu este mare = more full, neutral, slightly more careful
• nu e mare = shorter, very common in everyday speech

So these both work:

• salariul ei nu este mare
• salariul ei nu e mare

They both mean her salary is not high / not big.

Yes, mare often means big / large, but with things like salary, price, importance, and amount, it can also mean high / great.

So:

• un salariu mare = a high salary
• un preț mare = a high price
• o sumă mare = a large amount

In this sentence:

• salariul ei nu este mare = her salary is not high

That is the most natural English translation.

It actually already matches correctly.

Here’s why:

• salariul is masculine singular
• after a fi (to be), the adjective is used in its normal predicate form
• mare is the correct singular form here

Also, mare has the same form for masculine and feminine singular:

• salariul este mare = the salary is high
• casa este mare = the house is big

Its plural form is different:

• salariile sunt mari = the salaries are high
• casele sunt mari = the houses are big

Yes. Romanian word order is fairly flexible.

You can say:

• Ea economisește pentru vacanță, deși salariul ei nu este mare.
• Deși salariul ei nu este mare, ea economisește pentru vacanță.

Both are correct.

The difference is mainly one of focus:

• starting with Ea economisește... puts the focus first on the action
• starting with Deși salariul ei nu este mare... highlights the contrast first

Also, ea can often be omitted:

• Economisește pentru vacanță, deși salariul ei nu este mare.

It can mean either, depending on context.

Romanian present tense often covers both:

• she saves
• she is saving

So this sentence could be understood as:

• She saves for vacation, although her salary is not high.
• She is saving for vacation, although her salary is not high.

English chooses between simple present and present continuous more strictly than Romanian does.

Yes.

Use:

• pentru vacanță = for vacation, generally
• pentru o vacanță = for a vacation, one unspecified vacation
• pentru vacanța în Grecia = for the vacation in Greece, a specific vacation

So if you want a stronger sense of one planned trip, pentru o vacanță is perfectly possible.

Yes, a few things stand out:

1. Dropped or optional subject pronoun

   • Romanian often doesn’t need ea

2. Definite article attached to the noun

   • salariul = the salary

3. Possessive after the noun

   • salariul ei = her salary

4. Flexible word order

   • the deși clause can come before or after the main clause

So even though the sentence is straightforward, it shows several very typical Romanian patterns.