Pe masă sunt două documente și un formular pentru profesoară.

Here pe means on: pe masă = on the table.

A learner may already know pe as the marker used with some direct objects, especially people, but that is a different use. In this sentence, pe is simply a preposition of place.

Romanian often uses a bare noun after a preposition in common location expressions, especially when the place is obvious from context.

So pe masă is a very natural way to say on the table.

If you say pe masa, you make the noun feel more explicitly definite, and it is especially common when the table is identified further, for example:

• pe masa din bucătărie = on the table in the kitchen
• pe masa profesoarei = on the teacher’s table

So pe masă is the normal idiomatic choice here.

Romanian usually does not need a separate word like English there in there is / there are.

Instead, it often just uses the verb a fi = to be:

• Este un document. = There is a document.
• Sunt două documente. = There are two documents.

So in this sentence, sunt simply does the job of are in an existential sentence.

Romanian word order is flexible. Starting with Pe masă puts the location first and sounds very natural in a sentence that introduces what is in that place.

So:

• Pe masă sunt două documente... feels like On the table, there are...
• Două documente și un formular sunt pe masă. is also correct, but it sounds a bit more neutral or more focused on the objects themselves.

The version you have is very common because it presents the scene naturally.

Because document is a neuter noun, and in Romanian neuter nouns behave:

• like masculine in the singular
• like feminine in the plural

That means in the plural you use the feminine form of two, which is două.

So:

• un document
• două documente

Not doi documente.

Because formular is also a neuter noun.

As mentioned above, neuter nouns act:

• masculine in the singular → un formular
• feminine in the plural → două formulare

So the pattern is:

• un document / două documente
• un formular / două formulare

This masculine-singular / feminine-plural behavior is one of the most important things to learn about Romanian neuter nouns.

It can mean either, depending on context.

In un formular, it can be understood as:

• a form
• or one form

English usually does the same thing with tone or context:

• a form = indefinite article
• one form = number emphasized

Romanian uses the same word: un.

After numbers, Romanian normally does not attach the definite article directly to the noun the way English learners might expect.

So:

• două documente = two documents
• cele două documente = the two documents

The word cele helps mark definiteness here.

Likewise:

• un formular = a form
• formularul = the form

But with two documents, you would normally say cele două documente, not a form like documentele două in this meaning.

This is about definiteness.

• profesoară = a female teacher / teacher
• profesoara = the female teacher

In practice, Romanian often relies on context more than English does, so a phrase like pentru profesoară may be translated naturally into English as for the teacher if the situation already makes clear which teacher is meant.

If you want to make the noun clearly definite, you can say:

• pentru profesoara = for the teacher

So the version without the article is a bit less explicitly definite.

It tells you the teacher is female.

• profesoară = female teacher
• profesor = male teacher

So:

• un formular pentru profesoară = a form for a female teacher
• un formular pentru profesor = a form for a male teacher

Romanian marks this distinction directly in the noun.

Yes. The whole subject is a compound subject:

• două documente
• și
• un formular

Together, that counts as more than one thing, so the verb is plural:

• sunt

That is why you get:

• Pe masă sunt două documente și un formular.

not

• Pe masă este două documente și un formular.