Falámos sobre a questão da estufa.

Falámos is the 1st person plural form of the pretérito perfeito (the simple past / preterite) of falar.

So it means we spoke or we talked.

• eu falei = I spoke
• tu falaste = you spoke
• ele/ela falou = he/she spoke
• nós falámos = we spoke
• vocês falaram = you spoke
• eles/elas falaram = they spoke

In this sentence, the action is seen as a completed past event.

In European Portuguese, the accent in falámos helps distinguish it from falamos.

• falámos = we spoke / we talked (past)
• falamos = we speak / we talk (present)

The accent marks the stressed vowel quality and helps avoid confusion in writing.

This is especially useful in European Portuguese, where the difference is normally kept in spelling.

Portuguese often omits the subject pronoun when the verb already makes the subject clear.

So:

• Falámos sobre a questão da estufa.
• Nós falámos sobre a questão da estufa.

Both mean the same thing.

Because falámos clearly shows we, Portuguese does not need nós unless you want emphasis, contrast, or extra clarity.

Yes, absolutely.

Adding nós is grammatically correct, but it is often unnecessary. European Portuguese usually prefers the shorter version unless there is a reason to stress the subject.

For example:

• Nós falámos sobre a questão da estufa, mas eles não. = We talked about the issue of the greenhouse, but they did not.

Here nós is useful because it contrasts with eles.

Sobre means about or on in this context.

So:

• falar sobre alguma coisa = to talk about something

This is a very common structure in Portuguese.

Examples:

• Falámos sobre o problema. = We talked about the problem.
• Ela escreveu sobre política. = She wrote about politics.

Other expressions such as acerca de can also mean about, but sobre is very common and natural here.

Portuguese often uses the definite article where English may or may not use the.

So a questão means the issue / the matter.

In this sentence, it suggests a specific issue is being discussed, not just any issue in general.

Compare:

• Falámos sobre a questão da estufa. = We talked about the greenhouse issue / the issue of the greenhouse.

• Falámos sobre questões ambientais. = We talked about environmental issues.

Without the article, the phrase would usually sound less natural here.

Because de + a contracts to da in Portuguese.

So:

• de + a = da
• de + o = do
• de + as = das
• de + os = dos

That means:

• a questão da estufa = the issue of the greenhouse

This kind of contraction is very common and is normally required.

Examples:

• o teto da casa = the roof of the house
• a porta do carro = the door of the car

Grammatically, it is a noun phrase:

• a questão = the issue / the matter
• da estufa = of the greenhouse

So da estufa tells us which issue.

It works like this:

• main noun: questão
• complement: da estufa

In English, we often translate this with of or sometimes by turning it into an adjective-like phrase, depending on context.

In European Portuguese, questão is pronounced approximately like ksh-TOWN with a nasal ending, but that English-style guide is only rough.

A few important points:

• qu here sounds like k
• es before t often sounds like a soft sh in European Portuguese
• -ão is a nasal diphthong, very common in Portuguese

So learners often hear something roughly like:

• questão ≈ ksh-tãw̃

The nasal ending is the hardest part for many English speakers.

A rough pronunciation guide is:

fuh-LAH-moosh SOH-bruh uh ksh-TOWN dah ih-SHTOO-fuh

A few notes:

• Falámos: the stress is on lá
• final -s in European Portuguese often sounds like sh at the end of a phrase or before certain consonants
• sobre is usually reduced in natural speech
• estufa begins with a clear es-
• unstressed vowels are often reduced in European Portuguese, more than many learners expect

This is only an approximation, but it can help you hear the rhythm of the sentence.