No fim, lavo a tigela e a tábua com esponja nova.

No fim means at the end, in the end, or finally, depending on context.

No is a contraction:

• em + o = no

So:

• no fim = in the end / at the end

Portuguese uses these contractions very regularly, so em o fim would be incorrect.

Because Portuguese often leaves out the subject pronoun when the verb ending already shows who the subject is.

Here, lavo is the 1st person singular form of lavar, so it already means I wash.

So both are possible:

• Lavo a tigela... = I wash the bowl...
• Eu lavo a tigela... = also I wash the bowl...

Adding eu usually gives extra emphasis or contrast.

Lavo is the present indicative of lavar for eu:

• eu lavo = I wash

In a sentence like this, it can describe:

• a habitual action: I wash
• a step in a sequence: then I wash
• a simple present narration of what someone does

So even though English might sometimes prefer then I wash or I wash at the end, Portuguese simply uses lavo.

Portuguese uses definite articles more often than English does.

Here, a tigela and a tábua suggest specific items:

• the bowl
• the board

This is very natural in Portuguese, especially when the objects are already understood from the situation.

Also, each noun normally keeps its own article:

• a tigela e a tábua

That is more natural than trying to leave the second article out.

Literally, tábua means board or plank.

In this kind of kitchen sentence, it most likely means:

• cutting board
• chopping board

So the exact English translation depends on the context, but board is the basic meaning.

This is a very good question, because many learners notice that immediately.

In neutral everyday Portuguese, com uma esponja nova would often sound more natural if the meaning is with a new sponge.

• com uma esponja nova = with a new sponge
• com a esponja nova = with the new sponge

The version without an article, com esponja nova, can sound more concise or slightly telegraphic, like a recipe, note, or simple action description. It is not impossible, but it is less neutral than com uma esponja nova.

So if you want the safest everyday version, com uma esponja nova is usually the best choice.

Because in Portuguese, the normal position for most adjectives is after the noun.

So:

• esponja nova = new sponge

That is the standard, neutral order.

You can sometimes put adjectives before the noun, but that often changes the tone, emphasis, or style:

• nova esponja can sound more marked, literary, or contrastive

For an ordinary description, esponja nova is the most natural order.

Here, com introduces the instrument or means used to do the action.

So it means:

• with
• or more specifically, using

In other words:

• lavo a tigela e a tábua com esponja nova means that the washing is done using a new sponge.

By default, it applies to washing both objects.

Because No fim is an introductory expression at the beginning of the sentence.

The comma helps separate that opening phrase from the main part:

• No fim, lavo a tigela...

This is very common in writing. It makes the sentence easier to read.

In some short sentences, people may omit such commas, but here the comma is perfectly natural.

Yes. Por fim is a very common alternative.

There is a slight difference in feel:

• No fim = at the end / in the end
• Por fim = finally / lastly

In instructions or descriptions of a sequence, both can work well.
Por fim may sound a bit more explicitly like the last step in a process.

In European Portuguese, tábua is pronounced roughly like TAH-bwuh, with the stress on the first syllable.

A few useful points:

• The accent in tábua shows the stress: tá-
• The bu part forms a kind of bw sound
• The final a in European Portuguese is usually reduced, so it is not a full strong ah

Rough guides:

• tigela ≈ tee-ZHEL-uh
• tábua ≈ TAH-bwuh
• esponja ≈ ish-PON-zhuh

These are only approximations, but they can help at the start.

Yes, that is the most natural interpretation.

Because com esponja nova comes after the whole object phrase:

• a tigela e a tábua

the default meaning is that both are washed using the same new sponge.

If needed, Portuguese could make things more explicit, but as written, one sponge for both is the normal reading.