Breakdown of Há dois anos que estudo português todos os dias.
o dia
the day
estudar
to study
que
that
todo
every
haver
to exist
dois
two
o ano
the year
o português
the Portuguese
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Questions & Answers about Há dois anos que estudo português todos os dias.
What does the há do here? I thought it just meant “there is/are.”
In European Portuguese, impersonal haver (here: há) also expresses elapsed time. In this pattern it means “it’s been” or “for (a length of time).” So Há dois anos que estudo… = “I’ve been studying for two years.” The same há can also mean “ago” with past events (see below).
Why is it há (singular) and not something like hão?
Because this haver is impersonal. It always appears in the 3rd‑person singular: há (present), havia (imperfect), houve (preterite), regardless of what follows.
Is Há dois anos que estudo… the only correct way to say it?
No. Common alternatives in Portugal:
- Estudo português há dois anos. (very common and natural)
- Estou a estudar português há dois anos. (progressive aspect; also common)
- Faz dois anos que estudo português. (also used; see “faz/tem” below)
All three mean the same in this context; word order mainly affects emphasis.
Why is there a que after Há dois anos?
It’s the conjunction that links the time expression to the clause: há [tempo] que + [clause]. If you place the time phrase at the end, you don’t use que: Estudo português há dois anos. Fronted without que (e.g., Há dois anos estudo…) is odd.
Can I use the progressive, like Estou a estudar?
Yes: Estou a estudar português há dois anos. With a duration, both the simple present (estudo) and the progressive (estou a estudar) are fine. The progressive highlights the ongoing activity; the simple present often sounds more neutral/habitual (especially with todos os dias).
Why not say Tenho estudado português há dois anos (present perfect)?
In European Portuguese, the present perfect (tenho estudado) usually means a repeated/ongoing series of events up to now, not a continuous state over a span. It’s more natural with expressions like nos últimos dois anos: Tenho estudado português nos últimos dois anos. For a continuous duration with “for X years,” prefer Estudo… há X anos or Estou a estudar… há X anos.
Can I use desde?
- With a starting point: yes. Desde 2023 (que) estudo português. = “Since 2023…”
- With a duration: many people in Portugal say Desde há dois anos (que) estudo…, but some grammars discourage it. Safer options are the ones with há: Há dois anos que estudo… or Estudo… há dois anos.
Does há dois anos also mean “two years ago”?
Yes. With a past event, há means “ago”: Há dois anos, comecei a estudar português. = “Two years ago, I started studying Portuguese.” With a present-tense verb and this structure, it means “for”: Estudo… há dois anos.
Can I use faz or tem instead of há?
- In Portugal, faz is also used: Faz dois anos que estudo… (acceptable; in careful usage, many keep it singular: faz, not fazem).
- Tem dois anos que… is Brazilian and not idiomatic in Portugal. Use há (most neutral) or faz.
Can I say por dois anos to mean “for two years”?
Not for an ongoing present situation. Use há for that. Por dois anos or durante dois anos typically describe a finished or planned span:
- Finished: Estudei português durante dois anos. (I studied for two years, and stopped.)
- Planned/future: Vou morar em Lisboa por dois anos.
Where can I put todos os dias?
Common placements:
- Estudo português todos os dias há dois anos.
- Há dois anos que estudo português todos os dias.
- Todos os dias estudo português há dois anos. (fronted for emphasis) Note the difference: todos os dias = “every day”; todo o dia = “all day (the whole day).”
Do I need an article before the language? Why not Estudo o português?
When talking about languages in general after verbs like “study/speak/learn,” Portuguese normally drops the article: Estudo português. / Falo português. You might use the article when referring to the school subject as a class or to “the Portuguese language” as a specific entity in some contexts, but here the bare noun is the norm.
Why isn’t português capitalized?
In Portuguese, names of languages and nationalities are written in lowercase (unless at the start of a sentence). Hence português, not Português.
Why dois and not duas?
Because ano is masculine: um ano, dois anos. You’d use duas with feminine nouns (e.g., duas semanas).
Where is the subject “I”? Why is eu missing?
Portuguese is a “pro‑drop” language. The verb ending in estudo already tells you the subject is first‑person singular, so eu is optional. You could say Eu estudo… for emphasis or contrast.
Is the accent on há mandatory?
Yes. Há (with an acute accent) is required. Writing ha is incorrect in modern Portuguese. The accent marks the stressed open vowel and distinguishes it from other forms.
How do I express the negative (“I haven’t studied Portuguese for two years”)?
Best is to front the time phrase: Há dois anos que não estudo português. You can also hear Não estudo português há dois anos, but that word order can sometimes be read ambiguously; fronting há… que removes doubt.
Does putting the time phrase first add emphasis?
A bit, yes. Há dois anos que estudo… foregrounds the length of time. Estudo… há dois anos is more neutral. Both are correct and common.
Any quick pronunciation tips (Portugal)?
- Há: “ah” (open a).
- estudo: the initial “es” is often like “sh” in Portugal: roughly “shtoo-doo.”
- português: the circumflex ê is a closed “e” (like the vowel in “say,” shorter), stress on the last syllable: por-tu-GUÊS.
- todos os dias: final “s” tends toward “sh” in Portugal, and os often sounds like “ush.” Roughly “TO-doosh ooz DEE-ash.” These are approximations to help your ear; real pronunciation varies by region.