Vou plantar a muda, podar o galho e cultivar a horta.

In Brazilian Portuguese, ir + infinitive is a very common way to talk about the near future or a planned action:

• vou plantar
• vou podar
• vou cultivar

This is often more natural in everyday speech than the simple future:

• plantarei
• podarei
• cultivarei

The simple future is correct, but it can sound more formal, literary, or less conversational.

Because the three verbs are part of the same future plan, Portuguese can use vou once and then list the infinitives:

• Vou plantar a muda, podar o galho e cultivar a horta.

This works like English I’m going to plant..., prune..., and cultivate...

You could repeat vou before each verb, but it is usually unnecessary:

• Vou plantar a muda, vou podar o galho e vou cultivar a horta.

That version is grammatical, but more repetitive.

After vou (from ir), Portuguese uses the infinitive of the main verb.

So:

• vou plantar
• vou podar
• vou cultivar

This is the normal structure for the near future. It is the same pattern as:

• vou estudar
• vou sair
• vou dormir

Portuguese uses definite articles much more often than English does. In this sentence, the speaker is referring to specific things or to those nouns in a general but natural way.

So Portuguese says:

• a muda
• o galho
• a horta

Even where English might sometimes drop the, Portuguese often keeps the article. This is very normal.

Because muda has more than one meaning, and context tells you which one is intended.

Common meanings of muda include:

• seedling / sapling / young plant
• mute (as an adjective, feminine)
• a form related to change in some contexts

In Vou plantar a muda, the verb plantar makes it clear that muda means a young plant or seedling.

Yes, mostly. In this sentence:

• a muda → feminine
• o galho → masculine
• a horta → feminine

The article shows the gender:

• a for feminine singular
• o for masculine singular

Sometimes word endings help, but not always. For example:

• galho ends in -o, which often matches masculine
• horta ends in -a, which often matches feminine

But the safest approach is to learn nouns together with their articles: a muda, o galho, a horta.

Yes. Eu vou plantar... is completely correct.

Portuguese often omits the subject pronoun because the verb form already shows who the subject is. Here, vou clearly means I am going / I will.

So both are fine:

• Vou plantar a muda...
• Eu vou plantar a muda...

Including eu can add emphasis, contrast, or clarity.

This is standard list structure. The sentence is listing three actions:

1. plantar a muda
2. podar o galho
3. cultivar a horta

So Portuguese writes:

• Vou plantar a muda, podar o galho e cultivar a horta.

This is similar to English: I’m going to plant the seedling, prune the branch, and cultivate the vegetable garden.

Usually, Portuguese does not use the Oxford comma as often as English does, so the version without a comma before e is very normal.

Yes, galho is a common everyday word for a branch, especially of a tree or bush.

A learner may also see ramo, but that word can sound more formal, more botanical, or can refer to a branch in other senses too. In many everyday situations, galho feels very natural.

So podar o galho is understandable and natural.

They are not the same thing.

• horta = a vegetable garden or kitchen garden, where you grow herbs, vegetables, etc.
• jardim = a garden in the broader sense, often decorative, with flowers, plants, landscaping, and so on

So cultivar a horta suggests taking care of an area used for growing food plants.

A broad Brazilian-style pronunciation would be approximately:

VOH plãn-TAR a MOO-da, po-DAR oo GA-lyoo ee kool-chee-VAR a OR-ta

A few helpful notes:

• vou sounds roughly like voh
• muda has a soft d sound; in many Brazilian accents it sounds a bit like doo/da
• galho contains lh, which sounds like the lli in million for many English speakers
• horta begins with a silent h
• in many Brazilian accents, ti and di can sound like chee and jee before i, which is why cultivar may sound a bit like kool-chee-VAR in connected speech

It is natural and grammatically correct. The structure is very normal:

• vou + infinitives
• a list of actions
• everyday vocabulary related to gardening

In real life, a Brazilian speaker might also say something a little more conversational, depending on context, such as:

• Vou plantar a muda, podar o galho e cuidar da horta.

But your original sentence sounds perfectly fine.