Eu vou guardar a camisa no armário agora.

Yes. In Brazilian Portuguese, subject pronouns are often optional when the verb form already makes the subject clear.

• Eu vou guardar a camisa no armário agora.
• Vou guardar a camisa no armário agora.

Both mean the same thing. Including eu can add emphasis, clarity, or contrast, such as I’m the one who is going to put it away.

Vou guardar is a very common future construction in Portuguese:

• vou = I go / I am going
• guardar = to keep, store, put away

Together, vou guardar means I’m going to put away or I’m going to store.

This is similar to English be going to + verb.

Examples:

• Vou sair. = I’m going to leave.
• Vou estudar. = I’m going to study.

Portuguese has a simple future, but in everyday Brazilian Portuguese, ir + infinitive is extremely common and often sounds more natural in conversation.

So:

• Vou guardar a camisa. = very common, conversational
• Guardarei a camisa. = correct, but more formal or less common in everyday speech

A learner should definitely get comfortable with vou + infinitive, because you will hear and use it all the time.

Not usually. Even though guardar looks like guard, in this sentence it means:

• to put away
• to store
• to keep

So guardar a camisa no armário means to put the shirt away in the wardrobe/closet.

It can also mean to keep in other contexts:

• Vou guardar esse documento. = I’m going to keep/store this document.
• Guardei o dinheiro. = I put away / saved the money.

So this is a classic false friend: guardar often does not mean to guard/protect.

Portuguese uses articles more often than English does. A camisa means the shirt.

In many cases, Portuguese sounds more natural with the article where English might use one or might leave it out depending on context.

Here:

• a camisa = the shirt

If you said uma camisa, that would mean a shirt.

So:

• Vou guardar a camisa. = I’m going to put away the shirt.
• Vou guardar uma camisa. = I’m going to put away a shirt.

No is a contraction:

• em = in
• o = the
• em + o = no

So:

• no armário = in the wardrobe / closet

This kind of contraction is very common in Portuguese.

Other examples:

• na = em + a
• nos = em + os
• nas = em + as

Examples:

• na casa = in the house
• nos livros = in the books
• nas gavetas = in the drawers

It can mean either, depending on context.

Armário is a storage cabinet, cupboard, wardrobe, or closet-type piece of furniture. In a sentence like this, no armário is often best understood as:

• in the wardrobe
• in the closet
• sometimes in the cabinet, depending on the situation

The exact English translation depends on what kind of armário is being talked about.

The accent mark in armário shows where the stress goes:

• ar-MÁ-rio

Without getting too technical, the accent helps mark the correct pronunciation and stress pattern.

So the stressed syllable is má.

This is important because stress matters in Portuguese pronunciation.

Yes, agora can move, although some positions sound more natural than others.

Original:

• Eu vou guardar a camisa no armário agora.

Also possible:

• Agora eu vou guardar a camisa no armário.
• Eu vou guardar agora a camisa no armário. (possible, but less natural in many situations)
• Eu vou agora guardar a camisa no armário. (also possible, but less common)

The most natural placements are usually:

• at the beginning for emphasis: Agora...
• at the end, as in your sentence

Putting agora at the beginning often emphasizes now.

Mostly, yes. This sentence follows a straightforward pattern:

• Eu = subject
• vou guardar = future expression + main verb
• a camisa = direct object
• no armário = location
• agora = time

So the structure is close to: I am going to put away the shirt in the closet now.

That said, Portuguese word order is often a bit more flexible than English, especially with time expressions like agora.

Sometimes, but the meaning changes a little.

• guardar = to put away / store / keep
• colocar = to put / place

So:

• Vou guardar a camisa no armário. = I’m going to put the shirt away in the closet.
• Vou colocar a camisa no armário. = I’m going to put the shirt in the closet.

Guardar suggests storing it properly or putting it away where it belongs.
Colocar is more neutral: just placing it there.

A rough English-friendly pronunciation is:

eh-ooh voh gar-DAR ah ka-MEE-zah noo ar-MAH-ryoo ah-GOH-rah

A few notes:

• eu often sounds like something between eh-ooh and yo
• vou sounds roughly like voh with a slight w glide
• guardar has stress on the last syllable: gar-DAR
• camisa has stress on mi: ca-MI-sa
• armário has stress on má: ar-MÁ-rio
• agora usually has stress on go: a-GO-ra

Brazilian pronunciation varies by region, but this will get you close.

Yes. Even though vou guardar literally matches I’m going to put away, in natural English it can often also be translated as:

• I’m going to put away the shirt now.
• I’ll put away the shirt now.

The Portuguese sentence itself does not necessarily make a strong distinction between those two English versions in normal conversation.