Konewka stoi za domem obok grabi, więc dzieci też mogą podlewać kwiaty.

Because za can take different cases depending on the meaning.

Here it means behind the house in a static location sense, so Polish uses the instrumental case:

• dom → domem

Compare:

• za domem = behind the house
• iść za dom = to go behind the house

So:

• location → often instrumental
• movement toward a place → often accusative

In this sentence, the watering can is already there, so za domem is correct.

Because obok requires the genitive case.

The noun grabie means rake/rakes, but it is one of those Polish nouns that normally exists only in the plural form. Its dictionary form is grabie, and its genitive form is grabi.

So:

• grabie = nominative
• grabi = genitive

Since obok means next to / beside and takes the genitive, we get:

• obok grabi = next to the rake(s)

Grammatically, grabie is plural.

It belongs to a group of Polish nouns called plural-only nouns. Even if English uses a singular word like a rake, Polish still uses a plural grammatical form:

• te grabie są... = this rake / these rakes are...

So in this sentence, grabi is the genitive plural form of a noun that normally appears only in the plural.

Yes, stoi literally means stands, but in Polish it is also very natural for objects that are upright or simply located somewhere.

So:

• Konewka stoi... literally = The watering can stands...
• natural English translation = The watering can is... / is standing...

Polish often uses:

• stoi for things standing upright
• leży for things lying
• wisi for things hanging

So stoi is a very normal choice here.

Stoi is the 3rd person singular present tense of stać (to stand).

It agrees with konewka, which is singular:

• ja stoję = I stand
• ty stoisz = you stand
• on/ona/ono stoi = he/she/it stands

Since konewka is feminine singular, Polish still uses the same 3rd person singular present form:

• konewka stoi

Because the meaning is can water rather than are watering or water.

• mogą = can / are able to
• podlewać = to water

Together:

• dzieci mogą podlewać kwiaty = the children can water the flowers

If you said:

• dzieci podlewają kwiaty

that would mean:

• the children are watering the flowers or the children water the flowers

So mogą podlewać expresses ability or permission, not the action itself.

Because after the modal verb móc (can / to be able to), Polish normally uses an infinitive.

So:

• mogą podlewać = can water
• mogę czytać = I can read
• możesz przyjść = you can come

This works similarly to English:

• can water
• can read
• can come

Because kwiaty is the accusative plural, which is used for the direct object of the verb podlewać.

The noun is:

• kwiaty = flowers

For inanimate masculine plural nouns, the accusative is usually the same as the nominative:

• nominative: kwiaty
• accusative: kwiaty

So:

• podlewać kwiaty = to water flowers

You would use kwiatów in other structures, for example genitive:

• nie ma kwiatów = there are no flowers

Więc means so, therefore, or thus.

It connects the first part of the sentence with the result or conclusion:

• Konewka stoi za domem obok grabi, więc dzieci też mogą podlewać kwiaty.
• The watering can is behind the house next to the rakes, so the children can also water the flowers.

It is a very common everyday connector.

Też means also / too.

Here:

• dzieci też mogą podlewać kwiaty = the children can also water the flowers

Its position is flexible, but its placement can slightly affect emphasis. In this sentence, it naturally attaches to the idea that the children too are included.

For example:

• Dzieci też mogą podlewać kwiaty = the children also can water the flowers
• Też dzieci mogą podlewać kwiaty = less natural here
• Dzieci mogą też podlewać kwiaty = the children can also water the flowers

The version in the sentence sounds natural and conversational.

Yes. Polish word order is more flexible than English word order, because case endings show grammatical relationships.

This sentence could be rearranged in different ways, for example:

• Za domem obok grabi stoi konewka, więc dzieci też mogą podlewać kwiaty.

This version puts more focus on the location first.

However, the original sentence is very natural:

• Konewka stoi za domem obok grabi, więc dzieci też mogą podlewać kwiaty.

So the word order is not random, but it is flexible for emphasis and style.

You can break the location phrase into two parts:

• za domem = behind the house
• obok grabi = next to the rakes

So the watering can is located:

1. behind the house
2. next to the rakes

Polish often stacks location expressions like this, just as English does:

• behind the house next to the rakes

Dzieci is plural. It means children.

Its singular form is not built from dzieci directly in the normal way. Instead, the singular noun is:

• dziecko = child
• dzieci = children

So in the sentence:

• dzieci mogą = the children can

That is why the verb is plural:

• mogą, not może.