Po umyciu naczyń siadam przy stole i uczę się szyć, bo chcę sama naprawiać ubrania.

Both are possible in Polish, but they suggest slightly different things.

• po umyciu naczyń = after washing the dishes, with the idea that the action is completed
• po myciu naczyń = after washing dishes / after the dishwashing, more like referring to the activity in general

Here, umyciu comes from umyć, a perfective verb, so it emphasizes that the dishes have been washed and the action is finished before the next one starts.

That fits the sentence well: first the dishes get washed, then the speaker sits down and learns to sew.

After po in this meaning (after), Polish uses the locative case.

So:

• umycie → nominative
• po umyciu → locative

That is why you get po umyciu, not po umycie.

This is a very common pattern:

• po obiedzie = after dinner
• po pracy = after work
• po lekcji = after the lesson
• po umyciu naczyń = after washing the dishes

Because naczyń is the genitive plural form of naczynia.

In the phrase umycie naczyń, the noun after the verbal noun umycie often appears in the genitive, especially when talking about a completed action involving a set of things.

So:

• naczynia = dishes / tableware
• umycie naczyń = the washing of the dishes

This is very common with verbal nouns in Polish.

Because siadam means I sit down or I am taking a seat, while siedzę means I am sitting.

So the sentence describes a sequence of actions:

1. Po umyciu naczyń = after washing the dishes
2. siadam przy stole = I sit down at the table
3. i uczę się szyć = and I learn to sew

If you said siedzę przy stole, that would mean I am sitting at the table, which describes a state, not the action of taking a seat.

Because przy stole means at the table, in the sense of being next to it or seated there.

• przy stole = at the table
• na stole = on the table

So:

• Siadam przy stole = I sit down at the table
• Siadam na stole = I sit down on the table

Clearly, the first one is what is meant here.

Also, przy takes the locative case, so:

• stół → stole after przy

Because uczyć się means to learn in the sense of gaining a skill or studying something yourself.

Compare:

• uczyć = to teach
• uczyć się = to learn

So:

• Uczę dzieci. = I teach children.
• Uczę się polskiego. = I am learning Polish.
• Uczę się szyć. = I am learning to sew.

The się is part of the verb and cannot be omitted here.

Because after uczyć się you can use an infinitive to say what skill you are learning.

So:

• uczę się gotować = I am learning to cook
• uczę się prowadzić = I am learning to drive
• uczę się szyć = I am learning to sew

This works much like English learn to sew, although Polish uses the plain infinitive without a separate word for to in this structure.

Both mean because, but they differ in tone.

• bo is very common, natural, and conversational
• ponieważ is a bit more formal or written

In this sentence, bo sounds very natural:

• ...bo chcę sama naprawiać ubrania. = ...because I want to repair clothes myself.

You could say ponieważ chcę sama naprawiać ubrania, but it would sound slightly more formal.

Because sama here means myself or on my own, and it agrees with the speaker.

If the speaker is female, she says:

• chcę sama naprawiać ubrania = I want to repair clothes myself

If the speaker were male, it would be:

• chcę sam naprawiać ubrania

The form samą would be a different case and would not fit here.

So sama is used because it describes the subject I, understood as feminine.

Because naprawiać is imperfective, and here it expresses a general ability or repeated activity: to repair clothes as something the speaker wants to be able to do.

• naprawiać = to repair, to be repairing, to repair habitually/in general
• naprawić = to repair successfully, to finish repairing something once

So:

• Chcę sama naprawiać ubrania. = I want to repair clothes myself.
  (general skill / regular activity)

If you said:

• Chcę sama naprawić ubrania.

that would sound more like:

• I want to repair the clothes myself.
  meaning a specific, completed task.

Here ubrania is in the accusative plural, because it is the direct object of naprawiać.

• naprawiać co? = to repair what?
• ubrania = clothes

For this noun, the accusative plural looks the same as the nominative plural:

• ubrania = clothes
• naprawiać ubrania = to repair clothes

So the form does not change visibly here, even though the grammatical case is accusative.

Not completely. Polish word order is fairly flexible, but different orders change the emphasis.

The original sentence:

• Po umyciu naczyń siadam przy stole i uczę się szyć, bo chcę sama naprawiać ubrania.

sounds natural and neutral.

You could also say:

• Siadam przy stole po umyciu naczyń i uczę się szyć...
• Po umyciu naczyń uczę się szyć przy stole...

But the original order is good because it presents the actions clearly in sequence:

1. after washing the dishes
2. I sit down at the table
3. I learn to sew
4. because I want to repair clothes myself

So the order is not grammatically fixed, but it is chosen for natural flow and emphasis.

Yes. The finite verbs are in the present tense:

• siadam = I sit down / I am sitting down
• uczę się = I learn / I am learning
• chcę = I want

In Polish, the present tense is often used for habitual actions or for describing what someone typically does. So the sentence can mean something like:

• After washing the dishes, I sit down at the table and learn to sew, because I want to repair clothes myself.

This sounds like part of a routine or a general description, not just a one-time event.

Yes, it can. Uczę się szyć means that the speaker is in the process of learning sewing as a skill. That could mean:

• they are a complete beginner
• they already know a little and are improving
• they are studying or practicing sewing

So it is broader than just I am starting to learn. It simply means the skill is being learned.

Not exactly. In this sentence, sama is closer to myself or on my own, not necessarily alone in the room.

So:

• chcę sama naprawiać ubrania = I want to repair clothes myself / on my own

It suggests independence: the speaker wants to do it personally rather than rely on someone else.

If context required it, sama could sometimes also imply being alone, but here the more natural meaning is myself.