Bez zwolnienia musiałabym iść do biura, chociaż od rana jestem bardzo słaba.

In this sentence, zwolnienie most naturally means a medical leave note / sick note / official excuse from work.

So Bez zwolnienia means something like:

• Without a sick note
• Without medical leave
• Without an official excuse

Be careful: zwolnienie can mean different things in other contexts, for example:

• release
• dismissal from work
• exemption

But here, because the sentence is about not going to the office and feeling weak, the meaning is clearly the work/medical excuse sense.

Because the preposition bez (without) requires the genitive case in Polish.

So:

• zwolnienie = nominative
• bez zwolnienia = genitive after bez

This is a very common pattern:

• bez cukru = without sugar
• bez problemu = without a problem
• bez biletu = without a ticket
• bez zwolnienia = without a sick note

So the ending changes because the preposition controls the case.

Musiałabym is the conditional form of musieć (to have to / must).

It means:

• I would have to

So:

• muszę = I have to / I must
• musiałam = I had to
• musiałabym = I would have to

In this sentence, the idea is conditional:

• Without a sick note, I would have to go to the office...

So it is not saying she definitely went, or definitely must go right now. It expresses what would happen if there were no sick note.

Yes. The form musiałabym shows the speaker is female.

Compare:

• musiałabym = I would have to (female speaker)
• musiałbym = I would have to (male speaker)

This happens because Polish past and conditional forms often show gender in the singular.

The same thing appears later in the sentence:

• jestem bardzo słaba = I am very weak (female)
• a man would say: jestem bardzo słaby

So this sentence is clearly spoken by a woman.

Because iść means to go in a single, specific instance, while chodzić usually means to go habitually / regularly / back and forth / on foot in general.

Here the sentence is about one concrete situation:

• I would have to go to the office

So iść is the natural choice.

Compare:

• Musiałabym iść do biura jutro. = I would have to go to the office tomorrow.
• Chodzę do biura codziennie. = I go to the office every day.

A learner-friendly shortcut:

• iść = one trip
• chodzić = repeated/habitual going

Because do usually means to (toward, into) and it requires the genitive case.

So:

• biuro = office
• do biura = to the office

This is another common pattern:

• do domu = to the house / home
• do szkoły = to school
• do sklepu = to the shop
• do biura = to the office

So both bez zwolnienia and do biura are good examples of prepositions forcing the genitive.

Chociaż means:

• although
• even though
• though

It introduces a subordinate clause, so Polish normally uses a comma before it.

So the structure is:

• Bez zwolnienia musiałabym iść do biura, chociaż od rana jestem bardzo słaba.

That comma is standard, just like in English you often separate a clause beginning with although.

Other similar conjunctions that also often take a comma before them:

• bo = because
• że = that
• kiedy = when
• jeśli = if
• chociaż = although

Literally, od rana means from the morning, but in natural English it usually means:

• since morning
• since this morning
• all morning (depending on context)

In this sentence:

• od rana jestem bardzo słaba = I’ve been very weak since this morning

This expression is very common in Polish:

• Pracuję od rana. = I’ve been working since morning.
• Pada od rana. = It has been raining since morning.
• Boli mnie głowa od rana. = My head has hurt since this morning.

So od here marks the starting point in time.

Because słaba is an adjective, and here it describes the person: I am weak.

• jestem słaba = I am weak

But słabo is an adverb, and it usually means:

• badly
• poorly
• faintly
• sometimes I feel unwell in certain expressions

Compare:

• Jestem słaba. = I am weak.
• Czuję się słabo. = I feel weak / I feel faint / I feel unwell.

So both can be correct in Polish, but they are different structures:

• być + adjective → describe what someone is like
• czuć się + adverb → describe how someone feels

Because adjectives in Polish agree with the noun or person they describe in gender, number, and case.

Here the hidden subject is I, and the speaker is female, so:

• słaba = feminine singular

A male speaker would say:

• jestem bardzo słaby

If the speakers were plural:

• jesteśmy bardzo słabi = we are very weak (mixed group or all male)
• jesteśmy bardzo słabe = we are very weak (all female group)

So słaba matches the female speaker, just like musiałabym does.

Yes, Polish word order is fairly flexible, although some versions sound more natural than others.

The original sentence:

• Bez zwolnienia musiałabym iść do biura, chociaż od rana jestem bardzo słaba.

You could also say:

• Musiałabym iść do biura bez zwolnienia, chociaż od rana jestem bardzo słaba.
• Chociaż od rana jestem bardzo słaba, bez zwolnienia musiałabym iść do biura.

The original version sounds natural because it emphasizes the condition first:

• Without a sick note...

That puts the practical problem right at the beginning.

So the meaning stays basically the same, but word order can shift the emphasis.

Yes. Bardzo is the standard Polish word for very.

So:

• bardzo słaba = very weak

You will see bardzo everywhere:

• bardzo dobry = very good
• bardzo ważne = very important
• bardzo dziękuję = thank you very much

It is one of the most useful everyday adverbs in Polish.

Usually would have to is the best match here.

• Bez zwolnienia musiałabym iść do biura = Without a sick note, I would have to go to the office

Why not would have had to? Because musiałabym here does not clearly place the obligation in a completed past situation. It presents a conditional result from the speaker’s current point of view.

If you wanted a clearer past conditional idea like would have had to, Polish would often make that past context more explicit.

So for this sentence, the most natural reading is:

• Without a sick note, I’d have to go to the office, even though I’ve been very weak since this morning.